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We are interested in solutions that utilise alternative methods to measure the volume of cement carried in a tanker. The solution may be deployed at the entrance and exit of the plant to measure the volume as the tanker drives past. 

• The solution must be able to accurately calculate the volume of the cement based on the model or the shape of the tankers. It must be tailored to different models of tankers. 
• It must be able to identify the licence plate of the tanker, in order to determine the delivery source. 
• It should ideally not require the cement tanker to stop whilst the measurement is being made. 
• It could adopt Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) scanners to inspect the content of the tanker to determine the volume of cement. The body of the tanker is typically made out of steel with a thickness of 5mm
• It should not require installation of devices or sensors in or on the cement tanker. This is not practical because Pan-United procures cement from different suppliers. 

The solution should include a dashboard that reports on the volume of cement received from the different suppliers. The data in this report will be used to compare with volume indicated in the delivery order (DO).

In a concrete batching plant, it is important to measure the volume of cement that is entering the plant to plan and monitor operations. The conventional way of measuring cement volume is for the cement tanker to drive onto a weighbridge when entering and exiting the plant to calculate the difference in weight and derive the volume. The cement is enclosed in the tanker, so it is not possible to use visual means to determine the volume.

In Singapore, there is limited space within the concrete batching plants to accomodate a large weighbridge that can cater to larger cement tankers. Thus, these plants cannot accept deliveries from larger cement tankers or need to rely on poor estimates.

The solution accurately measures the volume of cement in a tanker to determine the volume in a way that eliminates the use of a weighbridge in a concrete batching plant. It can be for all deliveries by different suppliers. 

If this solution is successful, Pan-United is interested to scale it for other materials that are delivered by dump trucks, such as aggregates, and across their 16 plants.

We are interested in robotic solutions that can perform the routine inspection of the HDB corridors and utilise video analytics to identify faults. After the identification of faults, the solution would assist with the investigation by capturing useful information and photographic or videographic evidence, and alert the relevant stakeholders. The list of faults that are of priority to identify can be found under Resources (below).

Here are some of the challenges that need to be addressed before the solution can be deployed successfully: 

1) The robot must be able to autonomously navigate the corridors, and not cause damage to private property or not cause harm or disturbance to residents.

• The standard common corridor space has a width of at least 1.2m. However, due to objects placed in the corridors, for example, flower pots and shoe racks, the manoeuvrable space is effectively less than 1.2m.   
• The intended deployment time for the robot is 11pm to 5am, when there is little or no human traffic. When it encounters a human, the robot must give the right of way to the human.

2) The robot must be able to call and board the lift to travel between the different floors without human intervention. 

• As housing estates have a diversity of lift brands and makes, the robot should ideally be able interface with any lift brand. 
• The lift interfacing system should follow TR 93: 2021. It could also refer to the following guidelines :  IMDA Guidelines for the Use of Autonomous Mobile Robots for Delivery within Commercial Building
• The lift interfacing system should not involve any modifications to the lift software but could involve attachments to the lift control panels.

3) The robot must be able to navigate between the base station and the destination blocks. It must also be able to travel from block to block to perform routine inspection for up to 4 blocks within one charge cycle.   

4) The robot may be required to travel outdoors and be exposed to the elements. The electric and electronics system on the robotics must have protection against rain and water.

5) The robot must be able to be remotely-controlled by a human pilot in the situation that there are errors or challenges faced by the robot during the autonomous operation. It must be able to recognise the errors or challenges, and alert a human staff based at the Command Centre.  

• Examples of challenging situations are inability to resolve any “right of way” conflicts, obstructions in inspection pathways, and abusive actions against the robot. 

6) It must have real-time connectivity via cellular and channel its video stream to a centralised Command Centre. The video being streamed back from the robot to the Command Centre must be of sufficient quality to allow the video analytics to identify and classify the faults 

7) It must not generate noise that can potentially disturb residents. 

8) It should have a battery lifespan of at least six hours. 

The solution should include a digital interface that supports the programming of the robot’s inspection pathway and monitors the inspection process. 

We are interested in the 3D visualisation of identified faults based on their location in the housing estates to further support the operations to manage and rectify the faults. EM Services will work closely with the innovator to generate the 3D map* and inspection pathways of the housing estates required for the autonomous robotic operations. 
‍_{*BIM data is only available for limited estates.}

There are over 10,000 HDB blocks in Singapore. Each town council covers about 600 blocks. 

One responsibility of the Managing Agents (MA) of town councils is to perform routine inspections of common areas, such as corridors and stairways, for each block in the Housing and Development Board (HDB) housing estate. This visual inspection is currently conducted by Property Officers (PO) and aims to identify any hazards, defects and obstructions (collectively known as “faults”) that need to be rectified. During the inspection, the PO will survey every floor of the block. Each block has two to 50 floors. 

The routine inspection is done once a month for each block, but the frequency can increase based on an as-needed basis.

The robotic solution can autonomously navigate all floors of a HDB block and intelligently identify the faults found in corridors. The solution eliminates the need for Property Officers to perform routine inspections. 

As the fabrication plant owner, Greyform is interested to lead the streamlining and automation of the process of drawing reference lines and markings. The process could be streamlined into three stages:

1. After carcass production – for plumbing
2. After waterproofing – for tiling or marble installations
3. After tiling and marble installations – for all other trades, such as carpentry and bathroom fittings

We are interested in tools (for example, laser devices), methods, or robotics that can improve the process of producing reference lines and markings. Note that the lines and markings need to be done in stages. We would work closely with innovators to identify and implement the required changes in the fabrication process for the successful deployment of this new tool, method or robotics solution.

The following are some key considerations or specifications:

• The solution must be easy to use for low-skilled workers.
• It must be compatible with Building Information Modelling (BIM) to allow for the extraction of reference data from architectural drawings.
• The resulting reference lines or markings must fall within an accuracy tolerance of ±3mm.
• For the tiling purposes, the solution should be able to produce reference lines at 10mm or less from the corners, depending on the tile thickness.  
• The reference line thickness must be less than 2mm, but have good visibility on different surfaces, for example, concrete, tiles, and wood. 
• The solution must reduce the total time taken to produce reference lines and markings to less than 30 minutes, including setup and measurement.
• If it produces ink-based lines and markings, the ink must be erasable and not leave any residue stains.

 The solution should include a digital interface to carry out simplified programming of the solution based on the PBU to be fabricated.

Prefabricated Bathroom Unit (PBU) is a bathroom unit that is pre-assembled off-site, complete with finishes, sanitary wares, concealed pipes, conduits, ceiling, and bathroom cabinets, before it is delivered and installed onsite.

At different steps of the fabrication process for PBU, reference lines and markings are required to assist with the accurate installation of concealed pipes, tiles, carpentry and other bathroom fittings. These activities are repetitive and often require additional manpower to help with using measurement, marking or lining tools. Also, the reference lines and markings are done separately by the different trades, and this could result in discrepancies.

Once the installation is complete, the visible reference lines and markings are removed for aesthetic reasons.

An innovative tool, method or robotic solution can produce reference lines and markings in less than 30 minutes in total per bathroom unit with minimal human intervention. The solution ultimately saves time and reduces the reliance on human workers, thus, improving the quality and consistency of installations while reducing defects and reworks. 

If the solution is proven to be successful, it could be adapted to other offsite fabrication processes.

We are interested in alternative designs for the couplers or innovative methods of joining two rebars together.

• The solution must conform to the standards for "Steels for the reinforcement of concrete — Reinforcement couplers for mechanical splices of bar” (SS ISO 15835), especially for the following requirements (more information can be shared upon request to beamp@padang.co) : 1) Tensile strength under static force, 2) Ductility under static force and 3) Slip under static force
• It must eliminate the need to rotate the rebar as part of the installation process, so that less manpower is required. 
• It must be applicable to rebars of different thicknesses, ranging from 16 to 50mm.
• It should ideally not require any threading or other types of processing method to be performed on the rebar. This would save at least 10 minutes per rebar. 
• It should ideally have a quick installation process of less than 10 seconds per joint.
• The introduction of any additional tools would need to be further considered for important aspects, such as space, safety and skills requirements. The solution should ideally not require any additional tools for the installation process.
• A push-and-lock or a press-and-lock system could be considered.

To splice two reinforcing bars (“rebars”), a coupler is used. Conventional couplers work based on a mechanical principle similar to nuts and bolts: the rebars are screwed into a coupler.

Couplers are difficult to install onsite because the rebars need to be precisely aligned with the coupler during the splicing process. The threads on the rebars and couplers are fine, and thus could be easily damaged during the splicing process. 

A new approach to joining two rebars together whilst conforming to SS ISO 15835 standards, the solution would ultimately reduce the manpower required to one person. Also, installation time is reduced from more than 20 minutes to less than 10 seconds per joint.  

We are interested in solutions that enable the remote monitoring, inspection and/or instruction of the workers. The solution could even improve the waterproofing process to help the workers consistently achieve good quality of workmanship. It would ultimately help to reduce the need for engineers and technical managers to be onsite to ensure the quality of waterproofing work.

The solution could be IoT devices installed on site, attached to the workers or both, and must fulfil the following requirements: 

• It must be easy to set up and not obstruct or interfere with the waterproofing activities. 
• It must be able to monitor the activities for the entire surface area that require waterproofing.
• It must work for different waterproofing products. The following products are to be prioritised; their application and installation methods can be found in the respective brochures:
  
  Priority #1 : Traffigard (For Roof)
  Priority #2 : Formceal 3000X (For Basement)
  Priority #3 : Formdex Uni (For Wet Areas)

• Even with the possibility of 24/7 remote monitoring, the engineers and technical managers cannot dedicate too much of their time to actively monitor the waterproofing process. The solution should enable the entire process to be monitored, but must intelligently alert engineers and technical managers on progress, issues, and abnormalities. 

The solution must include a dashboard that integrates the monitoring information and alerts from different project sites.

Waterproofing involves the application of waterproof membranes or physical barriers to prevent moisture from penetrating building structures. Waterproofing work is a manual process done by skilled workers. The quality of work is highly dependent on the skill and execution of these workers at each step. 

Supervision and timely instructions are important to ensure the quality of work, as the waterproofing project sites could vary in requirements, conditions, and thus complexity. It is time-consuming and costly for the engineers and technical managers to visit the sites, especially those located overseas, to provide supervision and perform quality inspections. Even with site visits, it is still not feasible to monitor and inspect the entire waterproofing process to ensure every step is done with minimal flaws. 

Any flaw in the process can lead to waterproofing failures, which then require costly rectification works or worse, cause damage to the building structure or system. Poor workmanship is the main cause of such failures.

An imaging device performs real-time remote monitoring of workers performing waterproofing activities, thereby reducing the need for engineers and technical managers to be onsite. The data collected is analysed, and relevant stakeholders are sent alerts regarding the progress, issues, and abnormalities.

We are interested in concrete sensing technologies that can measure the real-time strength development of concrete with minimal wastage of materials. Strength development of concrete could be inferred by analysing internal temperature changes of concrete to understand the chemical reactions that have taken place.

A new testing approach could reduce or eliminate the need to carry out the conventional concrete cube testing method. It also boosts production efficiency by giving real-time insights into the concrete structure, so that it can be demoulded as soon as the minimum required strength is attained.

The test will be conducted on flat slabs produced in the ICPH. The solution could be based on different sensing approaches, but need to consider the following requirements:

• The sensing technologies must work for precast elements with thickness of 70 to 90mm. Ideally, the technology can work for thicknesses of up to 150mm. 
• Embedded sensors must be small enough to be placed within the rebar structure of the precast components.
• Embedded sensors should ideally operate wirelessly so that there is no additional effort required to find the sensors.
• External sensors must be able to accurately identify the internal conditions, for example, the temperature of the precast element.
• The solution must have a low implementation cost that amounts to <1% of the total component raw cost. 
• The solution should consider the concrete strength development benchmarks according to EN206 and other relevant standards set by local authorities.

The solution must include a tablet-friendly digital platform that integrates and visualises the data from the sensors, and produces insights and alerts that can be easily understood by the on-site workers.

When carrying out concrete works in a precast plant, especially in an Integrated Construction and Prefabrication Hub (ICPH) where a Just-In-Time (JIT) manufacturing principle is adopted, it is important to ascertain the early-age strength development of the concrete. This is because components can only be demoulded if and when the minimum strength has been attained. This is usually measured using the conventional concrete cube testing method. Additional concrete cubes are also made to be sent to the relevant authorities for later-age strength measurement.

Concrete cube testing is a manual and laborious method. The test also results in a lot of waste as the crushed concrete cubes from the compressive load test will be discarded.

The results from the concrete cube test are often not an accurate representation of the actual state of the precast components due to the differences in curing conditions. Concrete in small cubes has the tendency to gain strength at a slower rate than the precast components that are larger in size. Thus, there are missed opportunities to demould the precast components earlier and have a faster delivery schedule.

The concrete sensing technology accurately measures the real-time strength development of precast flat slabs, so that the demoulding can be done at the best time to increase production by at least 25% and reduce the risk of defects caused by demoulding before the required concrete strength is attained.

We are interested in solutions that can be retrofitted to the Trench Cutter Machine and can serve to collect and analyse data on excavation operations. The data collected can benefit the construction design process, machine configuration, cost estimation, operator training, and even support future automation of the machine. 

We are keen to collect the following data related to the machine and excavation operations.  The data will then be channelled to LT Sambo’s platform for recording and site monitoring purposes.

• Time (Y/M/D H:M:S)
• Depth (m)
• Speed (cm/min)
• RPM (rpm)
• Direction (˚)
• Pressure (bar)
• Load (tonne)
• Operator behaviour
• Soil characteristics 

Through the processing and analysis of the data, we hope to achieve the following:

• Determine the soil profile of the construction site – Having more accurate records of the soil type and conditions along the depth of the entire trench support more informed decisions regarding construction design, machine configuration, and cost estimation for future projects, especially those located in close proximity.
• Build a knowledge database for training machine operators – Operators can refer to machine operation patterns of skilled operators and learn from them, in order to refine their own performance.
• Lay the foundation for machine automations – The knowledge and data of machine operation patterns can be used to develop machine automations.  

The following are the key challenges that the solution need to address:

• It is not feasible to tap into the machine’s control systems, export the data from machines, or develop APIs in the near future.
• The solution should ideally not tap into the machine’s power systems.

To construct deep base projects and underground structures, a diaphragm wall or a continuous underground wall is used. This method employs Trench Cutter Machines on the ground to excavate a trench along the deep excavation project's peripheral axis while maintaining mud protection.

The Trench Cutter Machine is not easy to operate and relies heavily on the operators’ skill and experience. The operator uses visual observation and monitors the machine’s data to assess the soil condition to determine how best to operate the machine to carry out the excavation. 

The diaphragm wall construction method is widely used in Singapore. There are over 60 units of Trench Cutter machines in Singapore, accounting for 40-50% of all machines in the world. However, there is a shortage of experienced machine operators. Poor operations of the machine impact productivity and the quality of the excavation work, and even cause accidents that might delay the construction timeline. 

For monitoring purposes, the operators also collect data on the excavation operation and the machine from the control panel, and manually input the data into LT Sambo’s platform.

An excavation operation monitoring systems collects and analyses data to determine the soil profile and machine operation patterns. The solution ultimately helps to improve productivity and quality of excavation work by supporting decisions to optimise excavation operations, producing insights for the benefit of machine operators, and reducing manual processes.

We are interested in robotics solutions that can automate the installation of noise barrier panels. The solution should help reduce the manpower and machinery involved in the panel installation process.

The following are requirements and considerations that are important when designing the solution:

• The solution must be able to transport the panels to the point of installation in a manner that does not cause damage to the panels or distort their shape. Each panel has a length of 2m and a height of 0.5m.  Its thickness varies between 8mm to 60mm, and depending on type, it weighs up to 12kg. 
• The solution must consider how the panels are collected for installation. It could include a panel storage system to ease the collection process.
• It must accurately identify the profile of the column structure and slide the panel to the correct height, depending on which panels have already been installed. 
• The panel installation process should take less than 10 minutes per column.
• The solution should ideally be able to automatically move onto the next column once the installation for a column is complete. 
• It could be designed to access a height of at least 5m or be integrated with work-at-height equipment, for example, a boom lift. 

The solution should include a simple interface to programme and remotely control the robotics solution.  

Noise barriers are installed along expressways, roads, MRT tracks and construction sites in Singapore to dampen the noise from vehicles, trains and machinery. In order to enable quieter living environments, there are plans to install more noise barriers, for example along the North-South Corridor and along MRT tracks in places like Joo Koon, Bishan and Paya Lebar. 

A robotics solution can collect and install noise barrier panels for noise barriers of up to 4.5m in height within 10 minutes. The solution ideally reduces manpower required for this process to just one person.

Greyform has already adopted robotics to automate the fabrication of various 2D precast components such as wall, column and slab, and is now looking for solutions to automate the quality inspection process.

We are keen to explore the use of advanced imaging and laser-based technologies together with AI to accurately inspect, measure and analyze the precast components to generate the information needed for inspection.  The solution must be able to:

• Measure dimensions with a precision of +2mm for panel dimension and +10mm for opening/recess.
• Compare the actual precast components against their Building Information Modelling (BIM) to identify any deviations or defects during post-pour. The comparison is done with the consideration of allowed tolerance for each inspected item.
• Differentiate the rebar mesh from the bottom slab or metal pallet, taking into consideration that the different items can have a similar colour.

The solution should also consider how it can be integrated with Greyform’s Automated Pallet Circulation Plant system.

Quality inspections are required at different stages of the precast fabrication process to ensure that the precast components are constructed accurately according to the required specifications. The inspections are done before the concrete is poured (“pre-pour”) to check the mould, reinforcements, lifting hooks, splice bars, and connectors; and also, after the concrete has hardened (“post-pour”) to check the resulting concrete size, shape and quality, and other items on the checklist (see below).

These inspections are done by Resident Technical Officers or Resident Engineers representing the fabrication plant or consultant. The fabrication process needs to pause for inspection before it can proceed to the next stage. The inspectors need to be present on site to visually inspect the precast components and verify the measurements by taking those measurements with measuring tape and the assistance of other workers. They also need to capture photographic evidence for documentation purposes.

An AI-based automated inspection system utilizes imaging and/or laser technologies to determine whether precast components are fabricated accurately. For each inspected item, the system produces an inspection report supported by photographic evidence with the measurement (if applicable) and highlights any abnormalities for further action.

The solution reduces the manpower required to support the inspectors by eliminating the need for manual measurement and capturing the inspection data during the fabrication process, so that the process does not need to stop for inspection. In the future, the solution could support remote inspection procedures.  

We are interested in robotics solutions that can automate the entire grouting process for floor tiles in an integrated manner. For a start, prioritise the automation of the steps in the grouting process that have the most potential to generate productivity gain and improvements to quality. Step 4, as described above, is of top priority for automation, followed by Step 5 and Step 1. 

The solution for Step 4 should fulfil the following specifications in order to be considered successful:

• It must accurately identify the tile gaps and autonomously navigate a room of up to 20m² to apply grout for at least 50% of the room. 
• It must consistently apply grout for different tile arrangements. The tile sizes used in the arrangements could be as small as 150mm in width. 
• It must also consistently apply grout to fill the tile gaps of 1 to 2.5mm with different depths (depending on the tile thickness). 
• The grout is considered to have been applied consistently when there are no gaps or excess in the application. 
• The solution must be able to achieve a recessed joint profile. For a flush joint profile, the robot should achieve as close to what is practically possible.
• It should be able to tailor to different types and composition of grout mixtures and adjust the grout application process accordingly.
• It should be able to apply grout to the corners and sides of the floor tiles that interface with the wall

The robotics solution could take innovative approaches to simultaneously conduct the different steps in the grouting process, instead of a step-by-step procedure taken by human workers. This should reduce the time taken to complete the grouting process and even reduce material wastage (pre-mixed grout is discarded if it hardens). The following solution features are desirable:

• The solution removes excess grout from the gaps and tile surfaces before the grout hardens.
• It is able to carry the different mixture components of grout (for example, cement, water and latex) and mix the grout using a just-in-time approach.

The solution must include a simple digital interface for workers to easily program the robot to perform the grouting works for different projects and monitor the work progress. 

Grouting is the process of filling the gaps in between tiles (ceramic, marble, granite, etc.) for the final finishes of floor and wall. It is a labour-intensive and repetitive process that demands time and skill to achieve the desired finish quality. 

Here are the steps involved for the current practice of grouting:

1. Mixing of grout material as per the manufacturer recommendation.
2. Preparation and cleaning of the area.
3. Removal of dirt and unwanted substances from the gap between two tiles. 
4. Application of grout into the gaps between tiles: the grout is packed into the gap using a plastic card or rubber pad. 
5. Removal of excess grout and cleaning of tile surface. 

A robotics solution autonomously applies grout for a room or area of up to 20m² for floor tiles, which reduces the manpower needed to perform grouting whilst improving the quality of work. The solution would help reduce the duration taken to complete the grouting for one unit by 50%, from 2-3 man-days to 1 man-day.

We are interested in robotic solutions that are able to partially automate concrete grinding works as a start and can later be developed into a fully-automated solution. In the early development stages of the solution, the workers can deploy it to do the grinding for a chosen section of the wall or ceiling, and after the work for that section is complete, return to turn on the machine for the next section. This then frees up the workers to perform other activities while eliminating the safety risk associated with grinding. 

The current intent is to use the solution to grind the surfaces of a cast in-situ or precast wall that are casted from a typical concrete formwork. The surface profiles of such concrete surfaces are usually even, except for some minor bumps and drips. 

The solution should fulfil the following requirements in order for it to considered successful:

• It must accurately grind all of the assigned surfaces to produce a consistent surface quality.
• It must accurately identify the quality and defects of the concrete surface and adapt the grinding accordingly. 
• It must be able to perform concrete grinding work on a surface area of no less than 8m² an hour. 
• It must grind surfaces of up to 3m in working height 
• It must allow for Interchangeable parts, such as different types of grinding discs and grinding activities. 
• The resulting quality of work from the solution must comply with International Concrete Repair Institute’s guide on CSP, where the quality standards for internal and external finishes works shall adhere to CSP 1 to 2, and also to comply with BCA CONQUAS 2019 (Appendix 1, Architectural Finishes, Item 2a - Internal Walls & Appendix 2, External Wall, Item 1 – General Requirements ) as further supplementation.
• The grinding must be performed in full consideration for safety on site and environmental impacts.
• The solution must support the capture of data related to the work done, such as location, duration and errors, for progress tracking and inspection purposes.  
• It must be able to operate on site during the construction phase where there are only construction power sources i.e., on-site power generators.  
• The solution must be able to fit into material hoists or other equivalent vertical transportation, or work-at-height equipment, with consideration for its size, weight, and portability.

It is also desirable for the solution to meet the following performance specifications:

• It is designed to access heights of up to 6m or to integrate with the common work-at-height equipment for elevation.   
• It should ideally improve the quality of works to reduce or eliminate surface treatment works required in order to prepare for the paint finish.
• It should be able to traverse and park on uneven, sloped or stepped areas. 
• It should consider how grinding can be done for the following joint areas : 1) joint areas between vertical or horizontal elements (e.g.: slab soffits, wall and floor joints and 2) joint areas between vertical-vertical elements or horizontal-horizontal elements (e.g.: areas between walls and slabs)

Concrete grinding is done to remove the defects on the concrete surface, such as unevenness, bulges and drips, so the quality of the architectural finishes is not affected. Currently, concrete grinding is performed manually by workers using handheld grinders. This operation is not only labour intensive but also poses health and safety hazards to the workers, especially during long periods of grinding work. In order to grind concrete surfaces that are beyond the reach of the worker, for example, walls with heights between 1.5m and 6m, and ceilings, work-at-height equipment is needed. Working at height adds complexity, requires more manpower, and also presents additional safety risks that need to be managed. 

Often, the surface finish of grinded concrete surfaces still requires additional treatment, such as skim coating and plastering, before it is ready for a paint finish. As a guide, Concrete Surface Profiles (CSP) were developed by the International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) to divide concrete surface treatments into 10 classifications. They are named from CSP 1 to 10 – with CSP 1 being the finest and smoothest surface, and CSP 10 being the roughest and most uneven surface.

For concrete grinding, CSP 1 or CSP 2 is the expected level. Also, the concrete surface should be ready to receive finishes, for example,  paint finish, of not more than 10mm.

The ideal solution can autonomously perform concrete grinding, change grinding parts, and navigate a building floor. For a start, the solution should complete the concrete grinding work on a surface area without human intervention except for deployment, redeployment and termination, and do so accurately and quickly (over 8m² an hour).

This reduces or eliminates the need for manpower, allows for remote execution and reduces the total cost and time needed to prepare a concrete surface for receiving architectural finish.

We are interested in solutions that can automatically collect site-level data related to carbon emissions. The data of interest include:

• Carbon emissions produced by logistics vehicles, for example, dump trucks and lorries. This can be estimated by determining the number of vehicles operating onsite and their fuel consumption. 
• Carbon emissions produced by construction machines, for example, tower cranes and excavators. This can be estimated by determining the number of machines operating onsite, the type of operation, and their energy consumption.

The solution can adopt AI-based visual analytics methods on existing site surveillance systems to collect the data mentioned above for all companies involved without requiring site-wide modifications of vehicles and machines. We are open to adopting new surveillance systems that can support effective and accurate collection of data. 

In order to better plan measures and promote collective action by all stakeholders, it is useful if the data collected can generate the following insights:

• Breakdown of the carbon emissions based on company
• Breakdown of the carbon emissions based vehicle or machinery type and model
• Identification of operation abnormalities that could lead to higher emissions, for example, smoke generated from a faulty machine. 

The solution can be integrated with project management or logistics management platforms to produce more accurate carbon emissions data on the project sites. It would include a dashboard to visualise the data collected and produce useful breakdown of carbon emissions.

Buildings and construction accounts for 39% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Firms in the construction industry, including Obayashi, are increasingly committed to work towards carbon neutrality. As part of Obayashi Sustainability Vision 2050, measures introduced to reduce carbon emissions include:

• Reducing the fuel used by promoting new technologies and labour-saving construction; and
• Developing and practically using energy-saving construction methods and low-fuel consumption and electric construction machinery.

In order to determine the effectiveness of such measures, it is important for Obayashi to first track the current carbon emissions of their sites. Currently, there are no established practices of collecting site-level data related to carbon emissions. If Obayashi were to implement new practices that involve manual data collection, it would be too time-consuming and also produce data that is unreliable due to human factors.

Obayashi wants to reduce both direct and indirect carbon emissions. Indirect carbon emissions are contributed by other companies operating on their sites, such as subcontractors and suppliers

A carbon emission tracking system collects and analyses the emissions data of every vehicle and machine on the whole site regardless of its owner. The data would support decarbonisation measures. 

The solution would be part of Obayashi’s effort to develop a carbon emission tracking system that can consolidate and track all their direct and indirect carbon emissions.

We are interested in AI-based video analytics solutions that can use the footage from existing or new CCTVs to produce useful insights on on-site productivity. Instead of having site personnels to perform frequent checks on the site, the solution would intelligently monitor the site and alert users of any issues or anomalies.     

Stage completion and floor cycle are the priority areas for progress and productivity tracking.  The tracking of metrics related to manpower, machinery, logistics and material handling are also of interest. 

The solution should fulfil the following specifications in order to be considered successful:

• It must integrate with the existing CCTV system. The majority of Tiong Seng’s current projects utilise video surveillance systems from Dahua Technology.
• It must be able to accurately identify and track the following Reinforced Concrete work activities to quantify the stage completion of a floor as the percentage of completion: 1) Reinforcements works, 2)Formwork installation, 3) Concreting works and 4) Formworks removal
• It must be able to compare the actual progress against projected progress based on a seven or ten-day floor cycle time, and identify issues and potential delays. 
• It must include methods to boost connectivity to allow for real-time monitoring and analytics.  
• The accuracy of the models for the various use cases should be at least 85%.
• It should be able to analyse the duration taken for different stages completed within a floor.

The following are some additional requirements that could further enhance the proposed solution

• The solution could include APIs for interoperability with other enterprise tools and platforms.
• It could be compatible with Building Information Modelling (BIM) to allow for BIM models to be overlaid on real-time CCTV footage or captured images.
• It could involve the installation of new surveillance tools if it can boost the accuracy of the models in a cost-effective manner.  

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The solution must include a digital platform that analyses the data captured, visualises the data on a dashboard, produces daily progress reports, and alerts key stakeholders on issues and delays. The platform should integrate the existing live CCTV streams through a RTSP setup.

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Traditionally, progress monitoring of construction projects is often influenced by human factors, as project steps – inspection, recording and interpretation – are done manually by different stakeholders. The resulting reports are often not reliable and require further scrutiny by supervisors and higher-level managers.  

Reliable real-time progress monitoring is important to identify issues and potential delays in a timely manner, so that responses like manpower redeployment can be planned and executed to resolve them.

Surveillance tools such as CCTV are being adopted more widely on the construction sites, but these tools have limited usefulness due to the reliance of humans to carry out the remote monitoring.

An AI-based video analytics solution can monitor and track structural work as well as formwork progress from the plan view and elevation view of a construction site. The solution allows for early identification of delays and risks that could cause budget overruns.

HDB receives more than 2,000 A&A applications monthly. The current workflow to process plan submissions can be streamlined and automated to save significant time for HDB personnel.An intelligent knowledge base could be deployed to automatically execute the task of searching through several databases to retrieve the relevant drawings and then automatically mapped and identified the proposed work in relation to the building structures. The HDB personnel involved can then easily navigate between the relevant drawings in the knowledge base. For example, the HDB personnel is able to access the drawings by clicking on the drawing names found under the �List of Drawings� document, then mapping the submitted A&A work plan against the retrieved drawings from the databases. Concurrently, the process identifies any non-compliances affecting the building structures.The proposed solution should also possess the following features and capabilities:-Ability to recognise and interpret text and image data found in the PDF drawing files;-Provide links to the text and images to access the relevant drawings;-Intelligent system to recognise and map the proposed A&A work plan on different sets of building plans and identify non-compliances.-A user interface that compiles and displays relevant drawings while allowing annotations; and-Ability to generate a supporting report if the proposed A&A work plan submission does not meet the requirements.

Before renovating a Housing Development Board (HDB) property, the applicant is required to submit the proposed Addition and Alteration (A&A) work plan to HDB to request for approval. The HDB personnel will review the A&A work plan to ensure the works will not affect the building structures before granting approval. This is a tedious and time-consuming process, and involves searching for the relevant building plan drawings specific to the housing project found in HDB�s databases

The automation solution searches and retrieves relevant drawings from HDB�s databases to support the processing of A&A work plan submissions. The solution streamlines the workflow and saves a significant amount of time and manpower.

For industrial projects, the number of precast pillars required for installation could amount to thousands. An Augmented Reality (AR) solution that could project the 3D models onto the construction site would help the different stakeholders better visualise the required layout accurate execution of the precast element installation. Once the installation is done, the AR solution can help the inspector to visualise the installation requirements to verify the accuracy. For the initial stage of development, our priority is to have the structural elements visualised. But the solution could further expand to mechanical and electrical systems.The solution needs to be operable from a mobile device or tablet, and could be integrated into the existing Common Data Environment system that is currently used during the inspection process.

Once precast elements, such as pillars, walls and slabs, have been constructed off-site, they are transported to the site and installed using cranes.The precasters, site supervisors, and engineers currently rely heavily on verbal communication to plan and coordinate the installation, while referencing 3D or 2D drawings. There is still a disconnect between the digital drawings and the realities at the construction site. This could cause misalignment between the stakeholders which leads to incorrect installations and delays in the project.Both installation and inspection of precast elements involve a lot of manual work. The installation team uses simple markings and manual measuring methods to determine the position and orientation of the precast elements before the elements (pillars, walls and slabs) are lifted in. After installation, the inspection process would once again require the tedious process of cross-referencing documents and drawings, and using manual measuring methods to audit the accuracy of the installations.

The AR solution assists the site stakeholders to visualise and compare the structural installation requirements in 3D. The solution supports better execution of precast element installation.

The utilisation and productivity of the excavators on the construction site could be further optimised with the help of technology to monitor the excavator�s activities. This could support intelligent decision making and better deploy the excavators to their assigned positions at the worksite. Currently, there is limited visibility on the excavator�s activities, and the data needs to be manually collected.In other words, we are interested in monitoring the behaviour of the operator to gain actionable insights on his performance and fitness for work.We seek a sensor and/or IoT system which enables the real-time collection of data that can be analysed and conveyed to the foreman or site manager to support better planning of work activities. Another possible value-adding opportunity is to estimate the total volume of land excavated - data that can in turn be reported to the client.The proposed solution must be adaptable to various models of excavators to increase thechances of deployment of the solution at scale.

An operator is attached to an excavator throughout his workday. With the help of the foreman and banksman, he gets assigned to tasks that need to be completed with an excavator, and he needs to navigate within the worksite to the specific position to commence work.

The proposed solution augments existing excavators to support monitoring of its operator and its operations (activities). The data gathered from monitoring the excavator and/or the operator is analysed, visualised and reported to the foreman or site manager for review or further action. Ultimately, the solution improves the productivity of the excavators.

A digital solution would assist site supervisors in their daily routine to gather actual production metrics for their site. The existing data collection method is limited by the paper format, and a new digital means would serve to ease the data collection process and allow more data to be collected, such as data specific to individual workers and machinery deployed on-site.The platform must be able to be installed on the personal devices of site supervisors and act as their personal assistant by giving them timely reminders to submit the production metrics. The submitted production metrics would then be sent to the site engineer or management for review and validation.For reporting purposes, the actual production metrics collected would be compiled, tabulated, visualised and compared against the planned production metrics. A solution with the capabilities to calculate the projected days delayed or ahead would also be useful for site resource planning.

Production metrics comprise data on the actual quantity of work completed daily, as well as the resources and manpower mobilised for the different trades on a construction site. Currently, site supervisors manually record production metrics on paper. They submit the records to site engineers who compile and tabulate the data collected.This process is tedious, time-consuming and prone to human error. There is also lag time before the generated data is received by the site management and the organisation�s senior management. Hence, these stakeholders do not have up-to-date information on actual versus planned production metrics, to better track the progress of works, investigate on-site issues, and call for early intervention if necessary.

The digital solution supports better data collection of the production metrics and automates the process of compiling, tabulating, visualising and comparing production metrics for same-day reporting to site management and senior management. The solution calculates the projected days delayed or ahead to assist with site resource planning. The solution also reduces human errors.

We are interested in a Common Data Environment (CDE) system that would comprise a single platform or a consortium of integrated platforms to support document management, site management, safety management and project management activities. The data and information are consolidated and accessible throughout the platform(s).The following are the key features that the platform(s) would ideally have: Document management-Easy access: Allow for access using web and application-based platforms, as well as offline access for sites with low internet connectivity.-Online submission and replies: Allow for online submission and replies of shop drawings, Request For Information (RFI), Submission For Review (SFR), Superintending Officer's Instruction (SOI), and site memos. If a document is pending or overdue for replies, it should be flagged out to the relevant parties. Instruction (SOI), and site memos. If a document is pending or overdue for replies, it should be flagged out to the relevant parties.Site management-Inspection management: Allow for an online and paperless inspection and verification process with an in-built e-signature function.-Defect management: Allow for the creation of defect lists, the automatic channelling of the defect rectification tasks to relevant parties, and the tracking of the completion of rectification tasks.-BIM model viewing: Able to view and comment on BIM models on the platform without the need for a separate authoring software.-Report generation: Able to generate reports using the data from the platform in customisable formats to cater to client or consultant�s requirements.Safety management-Permit-to-work management: Allow for online and paperless application and approval process with an in-built e-signature function.-Safety event management: Allow for online and paperless documentation of safety events, and tracking for corrective actions.Project management-Subcontractor management: Able to track the activities of subcontractors, identify project delays, and estimate the additional manpower required to keep up with the master timeline.-Meeting support: Able to generate useful information to incorporate into meeting agenda and collect meeting minutes.-Progress payment management: Able to accurately track progress for payment claims and help management to visualise the cash flow and the project S-curve. General-Cross-platform support: The CDE system can be operated on portable gadgets such as mobile phones and tablets for site staff�s convenience.-Email integration: Able to integrate with mail service providers, for example Gmail, to extract and send information seamlessly.-Cloud application integration: Able to integrate with cloud applications, such as calendar and cloud storage.-Smart notification: Able to provide timely reminders and status updates.Under Resources, a few bonus features were described by SK E&C with the objective ofenhancing real-time interconnectivity between the BIM models and site activities.

Construction companies currently use multiple digital platforms to support document management, site management, safety management and project management activities. However, none of the existing digital platforms is able to provide all the features required by these companies.These platforms are not fully compatible with each other, and this results in data silos and even data loss. The data often needs to be retrieved from the different platforms to generate the reports required by various construction stakeholders.

A more comprehensive CDE with most of the features described above that better supports the stakeholders and thus enables them to be more efficient and effective. If multiple platforms are proposed, the platforms must be designed to be fully compatible with each other.

We are interested in solutions that can provide personalised thermal comfort for the office occupants, while reducing the total energy consumption of the office. Good thermal comfort allows occupants to improve their productivity at work by creating an environment conducive for their well-being and minimising distractions.The solution should work in tandem or even integrate with the existing ACMV systems in the officeto achieve optimal outcomes. For tenants that lease the office spaces, it is desirable that the solution would require minimal modification of the existing ACMV systems.The following describes how personalised thermal comfort and energy savings could be achieved:-The solution monitors the presence and state of the occupants to understand their thermal comfort requirements.-The solution allows occupants to personalise settings or provide feedback.-The solution can adjust the airflow rate, direction, quality, or moisture levels for the area occupied by an individual.

Office spaces, especially those with open concept design, are designed with air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) systems that use a blanket approach to regulate the temperature within an area and are not customisable to each occupant�s needs and preferences. The temperature is usually set in the colder range, as it is more widely accepted. This leads to higher energy consumption to meet the cooling demands. Cooling a typical office space is estimated to account for approximately 60% of the total energy consumption of a building. Thus, an effort to reduce cooling demands by 15-20% would significantly save energy and operating costs.

The solution is scalable office-wide to improve thermal comfort for all occupants at a personal level without sacrificing thermal comfort of their neighbouring occupants. The solution helps companies achieve at least 15% ACMV energy savings in their offices.

We are interested in using imaging and/or LIDAR devices enabled by Artificial Intelligence to support the remote monitoring and inspection of the PPVC fabrication process. This potentially allows the inspectors to cut down on their travelling time and generate better documentation. Here are some key considerations: -The current plan is to have imaging devices that can be mounted on the ceilings. But this might offer limited visibility of the fabrication process. We are interested in exploring different ways of deploying imaging devices.-The solution should be capable of accurately measuring the key elements mentioned in the above list of quality checks.-The required precision of the measurement varies according to the inspection task. For rebar size, the measurement needs to be in millimeters.-As part of the inspection process, the solution should capture photographic evidence intelligently and tag the photos for easy reporting.

The fabrication of Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) modules is currently done in dedicated production facilities located in Singapore and Malaysia.Quality checks are required during the different stages of the fabrication process to ensure that the PPVC modules are constructed accurately based on the required specifications. The following is a non-exhaustive list of examples of checks required for key elements, which are further illustrated in the document found under Resources:Pre-pour stage-Measure the mould size.-Verify the size of the rebar and measure the spacing distance.-Measure the size of the openings and verify the accuracy of their positions.-Verify the size of the electrical conduit and the accuracy of its position.-Verify the size of the plumbing pipe and the accuracy of its position.Post-pour stage-Measure the resulting carcass size.-Measure the size of the openings and verify the accuracy of their positions.-Verify the accuracy of position for mechanical and electrical provisions.The inspectors currently travel to the site to conduct quality checks on selected activities in the fabrication process. COVID-19 has made it more challenging to conduct these visits. At the fabrication site, the inspectors require the assistance of the workers to make measurements manually using measuring tapes or digital calipers, while they observe and capture photographic evidence for documentation purposes.

The solution enables the remote monitoring and inspection of the PPVC fabrication process by intelligently capturing the measurements of the key elements and documenting the inspection process. The solution minimises the need for the inspectors to travel to site to conduct quality checks.

Inspection technologies, such as mmWave and thermography technologies, could perform the inspection in a non-destructive testing manner and gather information on the surface and underlying defects. For cladding facades, these technologies would eliminate the need to dismantle facade panels or carry out activities that could affect structural integrity.For cladding facades, the following defects are important to be identified:-Dislodgement of panels-Looseness or cracking of the elementsFor plaster and wall tiles facades, the following defects are important to be identified:-Delamination-Debonding-Hollowness-DampnessAdditionally, we are able to omit the usage of height-access equipment, if the inspection technologies and cameras are adapted to a form that can be fitted and integrated into drones, pulley or wall-climbing systems The solution could quickly inspect a large surface to identify areas with a higher risk of failure (such as loose panels) and highlight the risky areas to CP for further investigation.

A facade is an exterior side of a building comprising materials and connections. In response to ageing buildings and increasingly complex facade designs, a Periodic Facade Inspection (PFI) regime will soon be made mandatory to facilitate the early detection of facade deterioration and allow defects to be rectified in a timely manner. Under the PFI regime, the building owner has to engage a Competent Person (CP) to identify areas of problematic facades and carry out full visual and close-up inspection (i.e. involving physical contact with the facade) of the facade condition. As facades can come in different forms (including engineering facades like curtain walls and cladding, and architectural finishes like plaster and tiles), different inspection methods are needed to accurately assess the facades� condition.Cladding FacadesThe use of cladding can be seen on commercial, office and industrial developments. Commonly-used materials for claddings are metal, stone and board materials. The fixings or connections of the cladding to the main structural framing are mostly concealed by the facade barrier.Current methods for the close-up inspection of cladding facade are inefficient and may compromise the safety and performance of the cladding, such as the dismantling and subsequent reinstallation of the cladding panel after inspection and the use of borescopes.Plaster and Wall Tiles Facades Plaster facades are found on almost all Housing Development Board (HDB) housing estates, a majority of private residential buildings, and on several non-residential buildings. Tiles are another type of facade that can be found on older buildings locally.Currently, the close-up inspection of plaster and wall tiles facades involves manual tapping inspection, which is laborious, time consuming and depends largely on the expertise and experience of the inspectors.

The solution streamlines the inspection of the building facades, so that a thorough inspection can be done with minimal expense of manpower and time. Ultimately, the solution supports the early detection of facade deterioration, so that the defects are rectified in a timely manner.

An inspection technology that can capture information on the layout of as-built services with minimal destructive interventions performed to the ceiling would save time and manpower, and improve safety.The following are the requirements for the solution to be useful:-Accurately portray the position and the size of the as-built services;-Capture features (for example, material type) that can help to distinguish between different as-built services;-Identify useful fixtures or fittings (such as valves); and-Complete the scanning and image capturing in an equal or shorter time than theconventional method.The proposed solution should consider how the inspection would be done at height and over a large area with minimal manpower. Any data captured would also need to be organised and referenced to the location.It is also desirable that the information gathered can support the conversion to a Building Information Modeling (BIM) knowledge base.

When carrying out Addition and Alteration (A&A) works to existing buildings, it is important for the contractors to check the actual layout and conditions of the as-built services, such as air conditioning duct, water pipes and electrical trays located in the ceiling space. This information is usually captured in different 2D drawings,and the accuracy of the information needs to be verified on-site as any difference could potentially impact the requirements for A&A works.The conventional method to check the as-built services concealed in the ceiling space requires the following steps:1. Workers use height access equipment that is most suited to the ceiling height. The supervisor or engineer could be present to ensure safety and provide instructions. 2. Workers would open up a hole in the ceiling. The complexity of this task would differ depending on the ceiling type, for example, gypsum ceiling boards and plasterboards.3. Either the worker, supervisor or engineer would visually inspect the ceiling, record the details, and even take pictures for reference. Sometimes, there is a need to climb into the ceiling space for closer inspection.The ceiling would need to be restored to its original condition.Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology has been tested to improve step 3. However, significant manpower and time are still being exhausted to perform steps 1, 2 and 4.

The solution provides a way to gather details on the layout of as-built services located in the ceiling space while minimising the need to open up the ceiling and disruption to the room occupants. The solution reduces the time needed to check the as-built services and potentially allows the task to be executed with just one person.

The mechanical system could become smarter by incorporating sensors and/or IoT systems. One of the challenges faced is that the system needs to be accurately operated as the pipe reaches its final position to connect with another pipe. If force is overexerted, one or both pipes could be damaged, and would need to be reworked or replaced. The operator currently relies on the banksman to provide accurate information and instructions to act on.We seek a sensor and/or IoT system that can improve the mechanical system or the pipe installation process in at least one of the following ways:-Provide real-time and precise information or alerts on the position of the pipe to the operator;-Simplify or automate the operation of the mechanical system to manoeuvre the pipe into its final position; and/or-Track the performance of the mechanical system and its operation, and analyse the data to improve the entire pipe installation process.

The conventional method of installing large Reinforced Concrete (RC) pipes with diameters up to 3m and weigh up to 16 metric tonnes involves a crane, lifting equipment, and a team of more than 8 workers with the relevant expertise to execute the work over 6 to 8 hours. The work is manual and poses safety risks, such as lifting equipment failures and pinch points. These RC pipes are installed in open trenches about 6m deep and will become part of the sewer and water infrastructure.To improve productivity, a new mechanical system that uses hydraulics to pull the RC pipes along the sleepers (see picture on the left side) has been developed and has shown successful results of increasing the number of pipes laid per day from 1 to 4. The operating procedure for the mechanical system can be found in the Resources section.

The solution works in tandem with the mechanical system to assist with the RC pipe installation process. The system reduces the total time taken to install an RC pipe by 20% (or one additional pipe installed per day) and decreases the manpower required in the process by at least one person.

An inspection or monitoring technology that allows for a non-destructive testing approach towards both the concrete and rebar would improve the corrosion monitoring process by eliminating theneed to hack off the concrete cover. We are open to different measurement techniques, such as impedance or electrical pulse. One way to monitor for corrosion is to study the chlorine penetration and pH level in the concrete layer as well as the condition of the passive film layer surrounding the rebar. Concrete usually has a pH level of 12 and can decrease when chlorine penetrates the concrete and destroys the passive film layer surrounding the rebar. The solution needs to be battery powered and portable to be feasible for field applications.We are also interested in solutions that can help us determine the rate of corrosion and lifespan of a concrete structure.

Corrosion monitoring is important in Singapore due to high humidity levels and proximity to saltwater bodies. Linear Polarisation Resistance and Open Circuit Potential measurements are the common tests for corrosion monitoring of reinforcing bars (�rebars�) inside concrete structures. Both tests require hacking of the concrete cover surrounding the rebars, so that contact can be made with the rebar to complete a circuit. These concrete covers usually have a thickness of 20mm but can have a thickness of up to 50mm for critical structures. Some structures have exposed wires connected to rebars to ease the process of measurement testing, but this cannotbe replicated throughout the entire structure.The current practice is time consuming and hard to execute, especially when workers have limited access to the site (for example, in the scenario where tunnels and the site are already in operation). The hacking of concrete cover damages the concrete structures and could hasten corrosion rates when the rebar is exposed to air and moisture.

The solution assists the inspection and/or monitoring process of the state of rebar or concrete to accurately identify if corrosion has taken place. Repair actions can then be taken to prevent further damage. Such a solution would help to eliminate the time and manpower needed to remove the concrete cover, while maintaining or lowering the total cost of corrosion monitoring.

An unmanned robotics solution that can replace current manual methods of cleaning, inspecting and repairing can lead to the following benefits:-Lower the life cycle cost of the building;-Reduce the manpower requirements for facade maintenance;-Improve resilience of the building by detecting and repairing building defects early;-Reduce the safety risk from working-at-height;-Uniform cleaning of building facades to remove human error with results that are highly replicable on other buildings.

The cleaning of industrial/commercial building facades is done annually and in some cases, half-yearly. The work typically involves a minimum of 3 persons, 2 of whom work at height using agondola or rope access system, with one safety personnel. The duration needed to complete the cleaning process of a building typically ranges from one to three months.As part of the process of cleaning, there is further potential for added synergy to also incorporate inspection and repair elements into the gondola or rope access system. Currently, building fa�ades are required to be inspected on a regular basis . Defects are flagged out by the inspectors and prioritised according to severity for follow-up actions. This challenge seeks to primarily develop an autonomous facade cleaning solution, where integration with automated inspection techniques to guide the system to subsequently perform repair works for minor defects would be an added enhanced feature considered.

The solution must achieve and demonstrate the following outcomes:1. Able to clean facades autonomously.-Solution must be able to clean at least 80% of building facade through roboticmeans;-Able to clean one or more fa�ade types such as reinforced concrete, glass, granite, aluminium etc. Systems that are able to clean more than one facade type or varying fa�ade profiles are preferred;-Able to traverse across most facade features such as window frames and sunshades without intervention2. Reduce cost of operations by 15% or more compared to traditional cleaning methods.3. Reduce dangerous work-at-height and increase productivity at steady state compared to traditional methods of cleaning and inspection.4. Proposals that can inspect and repair fa�ade defects autonomously are a bonus consideration.-Solution must comply with BCA�s Periodic Facade Inspection requirements;-Innovator may propose defect type(s) to be repaired;-Proposal must include proposed method(s) for repair with workable prototype at the end of the project;5. Maintain privacy for tenants whilst work is carried out.Submissions for this challenge statement must also include information such as company/consortium information, method statement, risk assessment and commercialisation plan. Proposed solutions should also be able to sell as independent services (eg. cleaning only) according to customers� needs and solutions that are environmentally friendly (such as reduced water consumption) are a bonus.

A robotic solution that performs a good portion of the cleaning activities currently being done by human cleaners), could make the cleaning much less labour-intensive. In terms of priority, the robotics solution should minimally be able to clean washroom cubicles based on the followingrequirements:-Cubicle door management, able to push open the door and fit into the cubicles-Toilet seat cleaning, for example use of damp cloth or other equipment to clean the toilet seats and damp mop to clean squat toilets-Seat cover management-Urinal cleaning-Wash basin wiping-Damp mopping-Completing the task within stipulated timingThe washroom environment is dynamic, and the solution considerations are not limited to the above requirements. For a washroom with a floor space of 12 sqm and two cubicles, the solution would ideally be able to finish each washroom cleaning session within 10 - 15 minutes, so there is minimal downtime.For a robotics solution to be feasible for usage in a washroom, it should have the following specifications:-The solution is battery operated.-The solution must not have cameras or collect data that compromise personal privacy.-The solution can navigate within the washroom while the toilet is still open for usage and avoid/stop work when a human is nearby.-The solution must not be hazardous to the human operator and passersby.-Electrical protection (due to damp cleaning)-Manageable weight of machine (due to usage by mature worker strength) if solution transportation of the machine to the washroom-Sleek/slim design of machine to navigate washroom with people inside (due to toilet layout; tight space)We expect the robotics solution would still require human assistance to operate. A cleaner could transport the robot to the start point to commence cleaning, and would inspect the results after cleaning is done.We are open to retrofitting cleaning mechanisms if the solution is capable of cleaning washrooms with high standards, and is cost effective for the initial setup and maintenance.

In order to uphold high hygiene standards for the washrooms in commercial buildings, cleaners are assigned to perform scheduled spot cleaning. A cleaner needs to be deployed for per-demand cleaning every time there is feedback that a toilet�s hygiene is unsatisfactory.During the scheduled spot or per-demand cleaning, the cleaner will need to perform the followingactivities:-Cleaning of washroom cubicles especially toilet seats, toilet bowls, and squat toilets-Cleaning of water basins-Damp floor mopping-Clearing of litter on the floor, and emptying rubbish bins and/or-Replacing toilet rolls or refilling soap dispensers as required.There are difficulties in maintaining an affordable human workforce for such tasks.

The robotic solution supports spot cleaning operations by reducing manual labour required and increasing the productivity of the cleaners. The time spent to complete the spot cleaning of one washroom is reduced by 30%.

Drone photogrammetry is already being done, but the current processes could be further improved. We are interested in a solution that can enhance the drone flight operations and reduce the need for human intervention by intelligently managing the flight schedule, battery life, and risks. It is also desirable if the total flight time can be reduced while maintaining high-quality photogrammetry results. If the data processing can be optimised or automated, the photogrammetry results can be produced more seamlessly and relieve the personnel of theroutine activity.The photogrammetry results would allow site personnel to visualise topographical surveys of the site and compare the results based on the different timestamps. 3D visualisation would be useful to study some key indicators of progress, such as the excavation depth and building height. A web application to display the photogrammetry results is preferred.The challenge statement owner�s own drones are available for use, but the solution provider could propose its own drone if it supports better integration with the proposed solution.

Photogrammetry is a workflow to convert photographs or videos of physical space into a virtual 2D or 3D model that can be measured and manipulated. Drone photogrammetry is already being conducted on a weekly basis for site monitoring.The process to produce drone photogrammetry is time consuming and tedious. It takes several days of flying the drone to capture enough input photos. The flight is semi-automated and still requires a pilot to manage the flight schedule, battery life, and any potential risk to the drone, such as weather.The data processing currently requires a person to download the data from the drone manually and upload it to the photogrammetry software for processing. Any technical issues are hard to resolve due to the lack of local support.

The solution replaces the existing method to produce drone photogrammetry by enhancing the drone flight operation and data processing, while minimising the need for human intervention.

A robotics solution could support the on-demand delivery of materials that are optimised based on the work progress. The solution would allow subcontractors to focus on their tasks at hand and spend less time collecting materials from the loading point.The robotics solution would ideally be able to carry all types of materials, but as a start, bricks and cement are of higher priority. The following technical capabilities and specifications would best fit existing needs:-Capability to navigate the building floor, which includes concrete slab with steps of up to 150mm in height and slopes of up to 1:12 ratio, with minimal human intervention;-Ability to carry loads up to 500kg;-Allowance for the full load of materials to easily fit through a normal-sized door;-Capability to load and unload materials with minimal human intervention;-Prevention of collision with people or structures; and-Manual override of the automated functions.The solution could potentially be further developed to support the planning and management of material delivery for a more seamless experience. Supervisors and workers would be able to track the real-time status of the material delivery, such as information on the collected items and schedule. Data-driven planning would reduce work interruptions due to lack of materials.Such a solution could also help the management of the main contractor and subcontractors to better understand material consumption rates on-site with specific data on material type, time, and location. This would support the replenishing of materials to prevent project delays.

After the building structure is completed, materials for finishing works need to be carried from theloading points of each floor to the exact location on that floor where the work takes place. Materials, such as bricks, cement, tiles, and wall panels, come in various shapes and sizes, andhave different considerations when being transported.In order to prevent clutter at the worksites, the materials are collected by workers as required before the start of their work. They typically use manual equipment, such as trolleys and wheelbarrows. The planning for the material collection process is done by the supervisor or the workers themselves.At each site, there are different sub-contractors in charge of different tasks, sharing the same loading site.

The robotics solution performs on-demand delivery of materials and thus, reduces the manpower required to one (or even none) for each trip to replenish materials for the work sites.The material delivery planning and management features can be integrated into the solution as a bonus to support supervisors and site managers to minimise interruptions and delays in work by providing them with real-time data on materials and the delivery process.

The current methods could be replaced with design simulation tools that can automatically generate permutations of the unit layout plans and support the design feasibility study.The unit layout plans generated this way could reduce the number of moulds required while maximising the gross floor area. Based on the plans, the solution would help determine the mould groupings, mould requirements, and the repetitions of each mould.The proposed solution would create a shared environment for both the consultant and contractors to view, discuss and propose design updates.

During the design stage of Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) projects, permutations of unit layout plans are explored manually. Besides fulfilling the architectural vision and requirements, residential unit layout plans seek to maximise the gross floor area and minimise the number of volumetric moulds required.Volumetric moulds are used to produce the concrete finish of constructed modules. The moulds could cost S$70,000-100,000 and take up to three months to fabricate. If the unit layout plan is optimised to allow for more repeated use of volumetric moulds, significant cost savings can be achieved.The following are the steps taken for the design stage of each PPVC project:1. The consultant prepares the unit layout plan and passes it to the PPVC specialist contractor for a design study.2. The PPVC specialist contractor prepares the building information modelling (BIM) drawings, checks the design, determines mould groupings, and submits a study on the mould requirements, which includes details on how the moulds could be used repeatedly.3. The consultant evaluates the mould requirements and revises the unit layout plan to reduce the number of moulds required. The consultant passes the revised plan back to the PPVC specialist contractor to study the mould requirements.The following video provide more details regarding the design stage of PPVC projects:https://youtu.be/kK3yrBd172k

The solution generates and evaluates the possible permutations of the unit layout plans to optimise the number of moulds and support the design feasibility study. The solution reduces the time and manpower required for the design stage of PPVC by at least 50%.

3D printing is recognised as a technology that can enable the sustainable development of bespoke building components. The following should be considered for the solution to be feasible:1. The solution should be able to produce aesthetically pleasing and boundary pushing designs to derive products that include free form and non-symmetrical components.2. The solution must be scalable to cater for larger-scale production of building components.3. The material used for 3D printing must be environmentally sustainable and preferablyrecyclable.4. The solution should be cost-effective, especially if the production is scaled.We are looking for solution provider(s) with the ability to both generate complex designs ofbuilding components using computational methods, and provide the 3D printing technology totheir designs. The solution provider must have strong 3D printing and post-processing capabilities to produce high-quality building components in accordance to its designs. The Challenge Statement Owner will be able to support the solution provider with engineering expertise and insights into the site assembly process.

Building designs are constrained by factors such as cost, time and challenges faced during the production process, but never imagination. The benefits of utilising 3D printing in construction provides breakthrough opportunities in various parts of a building such as its facade, allowing for a unique look and therefore potentially increasing the value of the building.Bespoke and complex facades can be made sustainable with 3D printing. It unleashes the potential of fascinating designs while reduces reliance of laborious production processes from the likes of craftsmen.

The 3D design and printing services enable the construction of building components, particularly facades that are aesthetically impressive. As part of the prototyping process, the solution provider will produce computational designs of facades and physical samples (in the range of 300mm x 300mm to 500mm x 500mm) based on the computational design.The solution must cater for large-scale production and consider factors like cost andsustainability.

A smart storage and management solution for the rebar parts would improve the identification and collection of the rebar parts by the workers. One possible approach is to work with the suppliers to incorporate identification and tracking of the rebar parts as a post-production step in a cost-effective manner.

Constructed modules for Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) need to be reinforced with metal meshes and reinforcing bars (also known as �rebars�).For this challenge statement, we are focusing on Step 2A of the process to assemble a rebar cage (Identification, collection and sorting of materials required). Currently, the bulk of rebar parts are placed on the storage area floors after delivery by the supplier. The heavy weight of the rebar parts makes it very difficult to implement a rack storage system that could potentially save space.When the rebar parts are needed for assembly, the workers use a custom design trolley (see picture on the above) to collect the required parts and transport them to the assembly site. On the trolley, the rebar parts are sorted on racks for easier retrieval during assembly. However, not all parts are well sorted, and the workers need to re-identify some of the rebar parts through closer inspection and the use of a measuring tape. The (re)identification is not simple, as there is a schedule of 95 rebar parts to choose from, and some parts have similar shapes.

The solution assists workers to reduce the time required to identify and collect the rebar partsneeded for assembly.

The interpretation process could be assisted by the proposed solution to analyse the drawings and/or 3D models, and to provide step-by-step guidance to any workers to determine the required rebar parts and handle the assembly. The solution should be software-based and should support workers by helping them to understand the correct position and assembly sequence for each rebar part.The solution would be highly valuable in the following situations:-When a new module design is introduced in new projects;-When a team of workers are reassigned to accelerate the production of modules that theyare not familiar with; or-When newly-hired workers are being trained for rebar cage assembly.The solution must be able to be used on-site and with portable devices.

Constructed modules for Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) need to be reinforced with metal meshes and reinforcing bars (also known as �rebars�). For this challenge statement, we are focusing on Step 1 of the process to assemble a rebar cage (interpretation of drawings by skilled personnel). The drawings of the rebar cages are different for PPVC modules in every project. From the drawing, the skilled personnel deciphers the type and quantity of rebar parts needed for the floor slab and wall rebar cages, and plans how these parts are to be assembled together. You may find in the Resource section examples of the drawings to be interpreted and a schedule of the 95 rebar parts. The skilled personnel then communicates the assembly instructions to the workers.Currently, drawings have been successfully converted to 3D models, and this has reduced the time needed to interpret drawings. However, paper-based drawings are still more practical for the workers on the manufacturing floor.As the interpretation of the rebar cages drawings is done manually, it leaves room for misinterpretation of the drawings that could result in missing rebar parts. If the rebar cages fail the quality checks, the workers would need to amend and rework those cages with errors.

The solution reduces the time taken to interpret the rebar drawings, while improving the accuracy of the interpretation, especially during the initial introduction of the drawings.

For the benefit of environmental sustainability, we are looking for radiative cooling solutions thatcan be applied to the external surface of a building, such as concrete walls, glass facades andwindows. The solution should be most effective during the day, when there are high levels of solarradiation and therefore, greater demand for cooling. Nano-materials are desirable due to their highpotential efficiency.The radiative cooling solution should have the following characteristics:-Radiates infrared waves from solar radiation to outer space and prevent heat gain in buildings;-Can be applied on different surfaces (with concrete, steel and glass in particular); and-Is suitable for tropical climates.

In Singapore, cooling is a major driver of electricity consumption and demand. For example, air conditioning consumes a high percentage of energy in buildings.Building owners have been trying to implement passive cooling methods that do not consume additional energy, such as tinting windows with heat- and UV-blocking films, to control heat gain and heat dissipation in a building.

The solution is applied to different surfaces, such as concrete, steel and glass, and reduces heat gain in the building. Importantly, the method used to apply the solution (including the curing process, if needed) must be practical. The cost should also be reasonable.

We are interested in solutions that can be used to reduce the noise from land traffic noise sources. The solution could be installed at windows or openings to absorb, deflect or cancel incoming sound waves, while allowing for natural ventilation. It is important that the solution looks aesthetically pleasing, so that it does not deter potential buyers. It is also important that the solution does not completely obstruct the outside view. If the solution adopts active noise-cancelling technology, it would need to be designed for large-scale integration with the building or compound, and consider long-term sustainability factors, such as power and maintenance requirements.

In a dense country like Singapore, it is common for residential developments to be located near land traffic noise sources, such as major arterial roads, expressways, and MRT tracks. Under the National Environmental Agency�s (NEA) guidelines of land traffic Noise Impact Assessment (NIA), the indoor noise level for new residential developments must not exceed 57dBA (Leq 1 hr) under natural ventilation. Natural ventilation has to be provided by means of one or more openable windows or other openings with an aggregate area of not less than 5% of the floor area of the room or space required to be ventilated.When faced with noise-prone residential developments, developers fulfil the above guidelines in the following ways:-Developers adopt layouts that locate facilities such as car parks on plots closest to noise sources, and residential units far away from the noise sources. -If the above is not feasible, windows or the glass facade are designed to avoid directly facing the noise sources, and windows facing noise sources are double glazed. Developers will also work with acoustic consultants to establish the minimum size of windows that can meet both the noise and ventilation requirements when opened at 30 degrees, in order to be code compliant. -If the above is not sufficient, noise barriers are installed between the transmission path from the noise source to the residential units.The methods above restrict design and could impact the marketability of the development. If the planned mitigation is found to be insufficient during post-construction testing, developers can only resort to erecting noise barriers at the window area. The noise barriers are often not aesthetically pleasing for potential buyers.

The solution reduces the noise from land traffic noise sources by at least 10 dBA and below the required indoor noise level of 57 dBA (Leq 1hr), while maintaining good natural ventilation and retaining the marketability of the property. The solution must be suitable for large-scale integration with the building or compound.

Hence, there is a need for a more efficient way to understand natural ventilation in order to maximising its potential to change the design of air-conditioning. In this way, energy efficiency would be increased with reduced dependency of air-conditioning.

Air-conditioning makes up the largest proportion of energy consumption in most residential buildings. In an effort to induce natural ventilation into buildings and reduce dependency of air- conditioning, wind data is often collected to understand natural ventilation. However, the wind data which is currently available is based on seasonal wind direction with little relation on how surrounding structures could alter the wind speed and direction. A more comprehensive wind data could be collected through on-site logging of wind data though the approach is often time-consuming.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking an efficient way to collect wind data and eventually develop a �national� wind data model for Singapore. The wind data model shall be maintained and constantly updated to facilitate architects and engineers in shaping their building designs by incorporate natural ventilation as a passive design solution for new buildings

Hence, there is a need for a solution to facilitate maintenance to be carried out promptly and effective to upkeep the efficiency of the kitchen exhaust.

The lack of maintenance for kitchen exhaust ducts has often resulted in a built-up of discharged greases and fumes around its exhaust filter and ducting. This has compromised the efficiency of the exhaust duct to filer excessive fumes and unpleasant smell from the fumes discharge. The excessive built-up of greases within the exhaust ducts will pose a fire hazard as well.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking a predictive maintenance solution to improve the maintainability of the kitchen exhaust ducts. The proposed solution shall trigger alerts to the maintenance team to take prompt actions before the aforementioned undesirable outcomes occur.

The existing mat material used in the lifts is unable to withstand the wear and tear due to the frequent riding of PMDs into the lifts, hence, leaving behind stubborn stains and affect the aesthetic of the lift. It is also not cost efficient to replace the lift mats whenever there are such stain-marks.

The prevalent usage of Personal Mobility Device (PMD) in Singapore has created a pain point for residential estate town councils in the maintenance of lift mats. The frequent riding of PMD into lifts has resulted in wear and tear leaving behind stubborn stain-marks on the lift mats. With the projected rise in the usage of PMDs, the cost of replacing damaged lift mats is expected to rise too.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking an innovative material which is elastic and has high durability to sustain the frequent riding of PMDs into lifts. The material shall withstand abrasion due to the riding of the PMD into the lifts. In addition, the new material shall not compromise the aesthetic of the lifts. The new material and its installation shall also not be cost prohibitive to implement in residential buildings.

To deter bird perching near residential areas.

Bird perching is a recurring issue faced by residents who live in locations frequent by avian flocks. Besides creating nuisance, birds perching also poses a health hazard to residents. Conventional bird deterrence methods have not been proven effective over time and culling has been used as the last resort when the bird population can no longer be contained.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking a reliable method to deter bird perching near residential areas. The desired outcome of the proposed solution shall meet the following criteria:-It shall not be harmful or affect humans or any other unintended targets in any ways.-It shall ideally solve a recurring bird problem at a location.-It shall not pose any harms to birds.-It shall be cost effective and easy to set up.

In order to move towards a manpower-lean cleaning sector, the alternative solution is to adopt mechanisation and automation to uplift the operational efficiency and cleaning productivity.

The cleaning sectors in residential buildings has been known to be labour-intensive and less- advanced with the heavy reliance on manual labour and simple cleaning tools such as broom and dustpan. With the projected increase in housing population, increasing the number of cleaners to meet the projected increase in demand of cleaning services is unsustainable.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking an automated cleaning solution or equivalent that will be able to perform general routine cleaning in common town council estate areas with minimum human intervention. The cleaning solution shall meet the basic requirements to perform thefollowing tasks:-Able to navigate around common areas of a town council estates-Able to be exposed and withstand outdoor conditions-Able To perform general cleaning task

The vast land size has posed a difficult challenge to improve and maintain the air quality at a desirable range over a long period of time. Scaling up existing solutions of air purification to improve air quality within and around these premises is not economical and unsustainable.

The air quality in the outdoor and indoor environment of some overseas cities continues to fall into the unhealthy range and violate the health standard. CapitaLand owns several Business Parks in some of these overseas cities with an average land areas of 50 hectares.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking innovative solutions to absorb pollutants and unhealthy particles e.g. bacteria or virus, to improve both internal and external air quality. Possible approaches could involve measuring and reducing the sources of pollutants to improve and maintain the indoor and outdoor air quality at the desirable range.

It is often common for the assembled moulds to fail the quality checks due to inaccuracy of interpretation and human errors. This leads to manpower and time loss in rectifying the non- compliant moulds. Furthermore, RTOs may overlook minor details which results in major rectification especially when the precast concrete components have been installed on site. In addition, precast is done overseas and there are very few or no Resident Engineer (RE) or RTOs who would like to travel to carry out this structural inspection. On top of that, these RE or RTOs have to be stationed full time on-site and the travelling takes too much time and is not productive.

Today, pre-casters prepare the moulds for precast concrete components including concrete PPVC modules using their interpretation of hardcopy drawings. Once the moulds are completed, the Resident Technical Officers (RTOs) would conduct visual inspection on the assembled moulds with reference to the drawings. The common items inspected by the RTOs include dimensions of the moulds, reinforcement bar sizes, spacing and lapping length, cast-in-accessories, concrete cover, services openings and cleanliness etc.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking a holistic solution including digital means that is able to improve the productivity and effectiveness of the inspection process as well as the accuracy and quality of works to reduce any manpower and time loss for rectification. Instead of having localized checking inspection, challenge owners are looking for a continuous QA/QC check embedded in the process with the new proposed technology or solution.

Hence, there is a need to improve design efficiency and productivity through the use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Capabilities to aid in the process of developing conceptual designs.

Design options and analysis is time-consuming as it requires an architect to manually research and take into account data such as existing surrounding conditions, weather data or zoning restrictions before coming up conceptual designs.

The Challenge Statement Owner is looking for a collaborative and innovative platform that combines various datasets (e.g. aerial imagery, environment data and etc.) and project requirements to automatically generate multiple design solutions.The solutions should include these features to aid in the decisions making:-Mass conceptualisation through rapid prototyping-Automated design checks against building code compliance-Automated zoning rrangement

As the industry moves from verification of 2D blueprints to 3D BIM, there is a need for these 3D models to be accurately and progressively verified as part of as-built verification process in order to detect and resolve deviation thus avoiding major reworks. Furthermore, with an up-to-date and accurate 3D BIM (i.e. digital twins) it will ease the handover to between Operation Expenditure (OPEX) to Capital Expenditure (CAPEX).

Current processes of as-built verification is done both visually and manually only covering 5% of the space. Even when a 3D scanner is used to survey 100% of the space, BIM managers/modellers often find themselves spending weeks sitting visually comparing 3D models against 3D scans to detect deviations before updating their as-built models.Hence, such methods are labour-intensive and costly due to time-based survey services costs. In addition, deviations are not detected efficiently as reports usually take weeks to produce.

The Shallenge Statement Owners are looking for a solution to achieve greater Operational Efficiency in their 3D BIM verification process: The proposed solution should be able to: -Increase as-built capture coverage to 100% hence reducing the need for on-site survey.-Utilise Artificial Intelligence to identify dimensional deviations and update 3D models quickly so BIM managers / modellers make timely decisions.-Utilise reality capture hardware tools such as Drones, Photogrammetry technologies and scanners

This is critical for the pre-casters and site managers as these construction material require proper tracking not just for accountability but also to ensure the quality and reliability of each construction material.Existing solutions such as physical tagging by bar codes or QR codes can be unreliable with challenges such as stickers being damaged, removed or require additional effort to remove after installation.Using exposed Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags also will be subjected to similar concerns. But if these tags are embedded, then signal interference caused by concrete and steel reinforcement, as well as the possibility of malfunction of tags losing the identity of the components, give rise to another set of concerns.

Materials tagging and tracking in construction projects is a key function that significantly contributes to the success of a project. Construction materials that require tracking include steel bars, pre-cast concrete components and others.

The challenge owner is looking for alternatives to existing solutions and welcome further enhancements to current solutions proposals for new innovative solutions with the emphasis on reliability, durability and viability. A dashboard with analytics and notifications to key personnel for the management and tracking of these materials will provide better visibility and efficient progress reporting.

Therefore, there is a need for a solution to automate and improve the productivity for conducting these inspection while reducing the reliance on manual labour to improve inspection accuracy.

Inspection are currently done manually and usually relies heavily on a team of skilled quality assessor to conduct checks on unit. An assessor would have to conduct 2 checks on a single unit:-The first inspection is done when a unit is 50 � 60% complete. This will entail the visual inspection of size, layout, wet works, M&E test.-The second inspection conducted when the unit is complete covers the visual inspection of wall flatness, floor color/firmness, furniture readiness, etc.

The Challenge Statement Owner is looking for a simple and cost-effective solution to aid in the inspection of units. The proposed solution which could involve the use of Augment Reality or Laser scanning technologies should be able to:-Conduct checks quicker and more accurately as compared to existing methods.-Eliminate the dependence on human judgement during the inspection

The lack of information links between the SDD and BIM design model has posed a real challenge to design an effective tool to facilitate the synchronising of design changes between both design formats.

The Architect, Engineers and Contractors (AEC) industry has been readily adopting BIM for design and fabrication. During the design stage, the Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) system design is often subject to changes. As there is currently no effective tool to facilitate the update of changes from the original schematic design drawing (SDD) to the BIM design model, there are always discrepancies between both the SDD and BIM design model. This has caused unnecessary challenges during the maintenance of MEP systems.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking for an effective tool in which changes made in the MEP BIM design model could automatically be shared and reflected in the SDD real-time, automatically and accurately. The network of different MEP systems in the final schematic design model shall be generated based on the connections of piping, ducting, cabling segments or other components within the MEP BIM model. Eventually, the developed platform shall provide only one common data source to facilitate an effective maintenance of MEP systems.

This is critical for the pre-casters and site managers as these construction material require proper tracking not just for accountability but also to ensure the quality and reliability of each construction materials.

Materials tagging and tracking in construction projects is a key function that significantly contributes to the success of a project. Construction materials that require tracking include steel bars, precast concrete components and others.

Existing solutions such as physical tagging by barcodes or QR codes can be unreliable with challenges such as stickers being damaged, removed or require additional effort to remove after installation. Using exposed Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags also will be subjected to similar concerns. But if these tags are embedded, then signal interference caused by concrete and steel reinforcement, as well as the possibility of malfunction of tags losing the identity of the components, giving rise to another set of concerns. The challenge owner is looking for alternatives to existing solutions and welcome further enhancements to current solutions proposals for new innovative solutions with the emphasis on reliability, durability and viability.A dashboard with analytics and notifications to key personnel for the management and trackingof these materials will provide better visibility and efficient progress reporting.

There is a need to aid Contractors make better make decisions by providing a holistic view of a construction project based on qualitative, factual element to identify areas to be improved and tasks to be outsourced.

A construction project integrates a large amount of processes, making it hard for the Contractor to understand which processes generate value. Each project generates significant amounts of data which are usually collected by the cost control. However, it is often challenging on how these data can be collected and used for improve future projects.

The Challenge Statement Owners are looking for a tool that is able to:-Analyse the processes based on existing data from the cost control and;-Inform the decision-makers about the added-value of a task or a process

Due to the inconsistency in information between labels and information captured in BIM repository � there is a need for a solution to achieve greater productivity, quality, consistency and maintainability when handing over projects to support subsequent facilities management.

With growing demand on Facilities Management Information developing into BIM Repository, additional processes are being put in place to ensure that consistent information is divulged on labels and facilities before handing them over to project owners.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking a solution that could help in the handover process.The proposed solution should be able to:-Generate Unify QR labels based on information captured in BIM repository that represent the labels of both Facilities Owner and Contractors & Sub-Contractors. -Allow for real-time validation during the handing over process-Generate label to be tagged on Facilities / Items while link it to the BIM Repository during joint-inspection

There is a need for a cost-effective solution that reduces the reliance on manpower to conduct maintenance check through the use of real-time information to predict building and system failures and break the fragmentation of multi-vendors systems within a building.

Energy consumption accounts for a significant part of the operating cost for commercial buildings. At present there is no holistic way to collect data on the overall health status ofequipment in a building. Existing solutions in the market are too cost prohibitive to be adopted in commercial/non-industrial real estate.

The Challenge Statement Owners are seeking for innovative solutions that would be able to:-Gather holistic and relevant building data to enable accurate predictive monitoring (e.g. predict system failure and prescriptive monitoring e.g. algorithms embedded to advise the next course of action / recovery to reduce building disruption and man effort).-Measure a variety of outputs by building equipment (e.g. chillers, HVACs and etc) that have greater risk of failure so as to prescribe timely maintenance / fixes. The solution needs to be able to measure outputs with an analytics tool, prescribing maintenance/fixes with low falsepositive rates to maintain equipment and cost efficiency.-Generate appropriate responses and action plans, suggest various ways to conduct better training and refresher programmes, as well as test and certify readiness of maintenance staff.

In order to enhance construction site safety and productivity, there is a need to provide the project team with clear information such that:-Number of workers that are within a construction site, and which subcontractors they belong to.-The location of the workers to ensure that each individual is accounted for and are within area of work.With these information, it could also allow the benchmarking of the current status with historicaldata to further enhance productivity of further project.

It is estimated that 60,000 incidents occur annually within construction sites worldwide. In Singapore alone, workplace injuries rose from 12.4k cases in 2017 to 12.8k cases in 2018 (+2.5%). Amongst them, 41 people died due to fatal injuries. At the same time, according to a research report, large construction projects take 20% longer on average to finish than initial estimates due to poor manpower allocations and/or unforeseen safety issues.

The Challenge Statement Owner is looking for a solution to enhances safety at construction sites through labour location tracking and management of services; while providing geo-fencing capabilities, potential accident notifications and proximity warning systems, through innovations such as AI intervention and incident reports to aid investigations.The solution should also be able to present on a dashboard the workers' locations in divided zones which allows a project team to track workers� indoor & outdoor location and unusual working patterns that might be a potential safety breach.

Presently, there are no relevant and live system data for building owners/ occupiers to track water consumption in the common areas of HDB residential building. There is only a sole source of data from PUB that could be fragmented at times, making it challenging to predict.

Water usage accounts for a significant part of operating cost for HDB residential buildings. From time to time, PUB will inform the Town Council of high water consumption experienced in the common areas. Currently there is no holistic data on the water usage in the common areas, coupled with varied reasons on high water consumption. Therefore, it is difficult to pin-point and address the root cause for the high water consumption. Consequently translating to wastages inboth money and precious water resources.

The Challenge Statemet Owner is seeking innovative solutions that will help:-Gather holistic and relevant data of water consumption in the common area of HDB residential building to enable accurate predictive monitoring e.g. predict system failure and prescriptive monitoring e.g. algorithms embedded to advise the next course of action/recovery to reduce man effort and unnecessary wastages of precious water and financial resources.-Measure a variety of tasks that uses water in the common area (e.g. scheduled high pressure block washing, scheduled water tank washing, underground pipe burst) so that any abnormalities in the data could be quickly identified and prescribe timely maintenance / fixes.-The solution needs to be able to measure outputs with an analytics tool, prescribing maintenance/fixes with low false positive rates for cost efficiency. -Aided with a consultant to seek for innovative solutions, such as the use of smart water meterthat complements with an intelligent monitoring system to monitor and manage the water consumption with precision, cost efficient and low manpower effort.

Hence, there is a need for the project team to have a detailed overview of all ongoing activities in real-time that relates to manpower, materials, components, equipment/machinery and vehicles in a construction project to enhance productivity.

Large construction projects take an average of 20% longer to complete than initial estimates due to poor manpower allocations and unforeseen factors owing to the dynamic nature of a construction project. Such delays could have significant impacts to downstream projects.

The Challenge Statement Owners are seeking for an innovative solution that enables the project team to identify areas of bottlenecks in a project which could include site logistics, handling of component and construction cycle activities. The solution should enable the project team to track location and working pattern through a dashboard that divides the site into zones, giving an overview of activities in each zone.

The use of paper records is unreliable and inefficient for the facilities management. Further this does not provide real-time data of equipment performance allowing for predictive maintenance

Within an Integrated Construction Prefabrication Hub (ICPH), there are various equipment and machinery that needs to be maintained. Current processes of maintaining this equipment arereactive and the maintenance process commences only after a fault is detected. Creation of a digital twin for the ICPH can allow paperless transactions and increase efficiency.

A dynamic virtual representation of the physical assets in the ICPH or a digital twin. Through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), the digital twin shall make use of real- time data from IoT sensors to virtually detect the performance of equipment, how it is operating, and when it may require maintenance. It shall potentially enable remote operation and troubleshooting, reduce energy and water wastage, enable examination of the causes of past issuesor breakdowns, and, lastly, provide opportunities to predict future performance or failures to support preventative maintenance.

It is essential to enable the crane operator to make better decisions when lifting precast modules for installation thereby making the lifting process safer.

Precast modules are usually lifted by wires with the safety of the lifting process very much dependent on the experience of the crane operator. Further, existing operations does not take intoaccount factors such as; unbalanced loading caused by uneven distribution of stresses across chain pulleys or non- visible damages to cable ropes due to wear and tear.Hence, any unintended / accidental release of these precast modules during lifting operation would compromise the safety of the lifting equipment, operator and construction crew.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking for a solution that enables the crane operator to make adjustments based data collected when lifting precast panels. These data should include factors such as; the distribution of weight when lifting precast modules and stress distribution across the lifting beam.The proposed solution could involve the use of sensors integrated to the lifting equipment to provide feedback to the crane operator in the crane cabin in real-time. This feedback could also trigger alarms to both the operator and ground crews while restricting further operations when thresholds are breached.

Hence, despite safety training and preventive measures maintaining a building fa�ade is still a high risk activity and labour intensive task. Therefore, there is need for a solution which is able toprovide greater accuracy for the assessment of the entire internal and external fa�ade condition that minimises the need for human labour.

At present, inspection and maintenance of the complex building fa�ade is a labour intensive and dangerous activity that requires a skilled professional using equipment such as gondolas and ropes to workat heights in order to access the building�s surface. Existing fa�ade inspection methods which presently used are largely limited to visual checks of the external surfaces as well as localised examinations on the support system and condition of the rear face of the fa�ade. These checks which are usually intrusive, requires the opening of holes/cavities in the fa�ade in order view these areas using a borescope.

The Challenge Statement Owners are looking for solutions to either enhance or provide an innovative alternative to existing methods. Reducing risk and effectiveness of existing methods is imperative. The proposed solution should take the following aspects into consideration:-Be able to conduct comprehensive inspection of the cavity between the fa�ade and the support structure.-If imaging technologies are proposed, it should be able to take images under low light conditions and automatically correlated its location on a 3D building model.-Data analytics should also be considered for interpretation and identification of defects. The engine should be able to assess the quality of collected data and generate a report to indicate the level of criticality.-Inspection system should be able to intelligently through data analytics.-Robotics is a possible alternative, but the proposed solution should consider sustainability and reliability for various fa�ade and environment. If robotics platforms are used, it should be capable to manoeuvre around building envelopes, including those with irregular profile.-Design consideration is another aspect that should be looked into, for instance, solutions should be able to assist architects and designers to take into account maintenance of the building fa�ade. This translates into savings by improving a building's life cycle cost and reduce cost required for fa�ade cleaning and maintenance.

Currently, there are a few existing methods in the market that require sensors to be embedded into the structure but this causes other issues such as sensor data reliability and cost effectiveness for sensors to be embedded into all structure.

Due to the nature of environment and the usage of buildings, existing solutions are unable to accurately determine the condition or reliability of the materials such as steel, reinforced concrete (RC) for the beams, columns and other essential structures that affect structural integrity of a building. Inspection is usually done by a PE (Professional Engineer) through visual inspection periodically, usually in a range of 5 years. Many challenges arise in determining a building structural integrity, one of them is the lack of physical access or unseen parts of the area or structure. Inspection is often limited to visual inspection of accessible areas.

Challenge owners are looking for a solution to improve and simplify the inspection process and provide reliable measurable data that is low cost and can be implemented on existing buildings. These data can be in the form of and not limited to yield strength, corrosion of reinforcement, strain, crack width and etc. Early indications can help determine if building should be decommissioned or strengthened or rectified to ensure overall safety.

Hence, despite the effort to minimise disruptions caused administratively, the process of keeping track of these daily aggregate stock is still tedious and time-consuming due to the constant inflow and outflow of these aggregates.Therefore, there is a need for a more productive measuring solution which is able to provide real-time and accurate results for the measurement of the aggregate stocks volume.

In order to determine the volume of aggregates stocks, vehicles loaded with aggregates stocks have to be weighted twice, before and after unloading of the aggregate stocks at the unloading bay. Since the weighing platform and unloading bay may not be located next to one another, vehicles have to spend unnecessary time travelling between the weighing platform and unloading bay. In addition, the measurement results are not updated real-time and are often prone to human errors.

The Challenge Statement Owner is looking an economical and efficient solution to measure the volume of aggregate stock. The proposed solution should: -Receive aggregate images and convert it into a 3D model-Calculate the volume of aggregates based on the 3D model and estimate the tonnage of the aggregatesSeamless sharing of information between front end and back end offices

It is extremely time consuming process to assemble rebar cages. Moreover, as the interpretation of the rebar drawings are conducted by human, it leaves room for misinterpretation of drawings could result in missing rebars and links.If the checks fail (often due to the inaccuracy of rebar drawing interpretation), workers have to amend and rework these the cage from scratch. This means more time required to amend the rebar cage.

For Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC), modules need to be reinforced with mesh and reinforcing bars (also known as rebars).The steps involved in fabrication and the assembly free-standing volumetric modules are:Step 1: Interpretation of rebar drawings by skilled personnelStep 2: Assembling the mesh and rebar to form a structured cageStep 3: Install the rebar cage into the mouldStep 4: Closing of steel mould and installing of services ductsStep 5: Checking and closing of mouldThe steps require the effort by a 4-man team that takes 8 � 10 hours a day to prepare the rebar cages.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking innovative solutions to save time and manpower in the fabrication and assembly of rebars. The proposed solution should also boost the accuracy of the rebar cages� structural integrity and greatly reduce unnecessary re-work and save time and manpower in reading/interpretation, fabrication and assembly of rebars.

Such methods of monitoring of corrosion status are complex. Hence, a simpler and more accurate approach is needed for on-site corrosion monitoring to improve productivity. Ideally, this newly developed method should be connectionless so as to address the stringent site safety requirement when monitoring of corrosion status in areas with limited access (e.g. tunnels or structures in operation).

Monitoring of the corrosion status of reinforcement bar are estimated from open circuit potential measurement and linear polarisation resistance. Both these tests are intrusive as they require hacking off the concrete cover of the reinforcement bars before reinstating them each time. Alternatively, corrosion status could also be estimated by embedding connection wires and leaving them exposed for the continuous measurement.

The Challenge Statement Owner is looking for a solution that should fulfill the following specifications:-The corrosion monitoring equipment should be portable in order to ensure accessibility. It should also be able to be operated in a wireless manner (i.e. battery operated) and be rugged enough for field application.-The measurement method which could adopt different techniques such as impedance or electrical pulse should stabilize within minutes to ensure the accuracy of results. The testing technique should not leave behind any visible installations or sampling points.-The system should also be complete with a platform to enable advanced data sharing and communication to enable real time monitoring.

Though significant progress has been made in non-reinforced concrete 3D printing, there is limited success in incorporating reinforcements into concrete 3D printing. 3D printed reinforced concrete often has weak material properties due to segregation and non-uniform distribution of added fibre reinforcements. This has prohibited their usage for building and construction application.

3D printing with concrete is an emerging technology which could potentially reduce labour and form-work costs, while increasing reliability of concrete infrastructure. Though high in compressive strength, concrete is fairly weak in handling tension. In order to overcome this challenge, concrete is usually reinforced with plastic or metal fibre.

The Challenge Statement Owner is seeking for an innovative mechanism or process to incorporate reinforcement into 3D printed concrete. The reinforcement could be added before, during or after the printing process. The 3D printed reinforcement shall comply with the relevant building codes and regulations for building and construction application. The process of addition shall preferably be automated and not too cost prohibitive to implement.

Existing tools which are available that aid in lifting and shifting of MET components are not stable and often require at least 2 workers to operate. This tools still utilize crane, which leaves less crane time available for other activities thereby reducing onsite productivity.

Mass Engineer Timber (MET) is a lightweight material which is preferred to reinforced concrete when constructing long-span structures due to its lifting capacity. However, this still reduces the available crane time needed for hoisting other heavyweight materials on site when lifting and shifting MET components during MET installation.

The Challenge Statement Owners are looking for a solution which could improve the efficiency of transporting, lifting and installing MET components. Some of the basic requirements for1. Vertical movement � Sufficient lifting capacity for MET components of up to 4 tons (based on MET density of 500kg/m3, slab dimension 12m x 3.4m x 0.2m)2. Horizontal movement � Sufficient lateral movement capacity, requiring at most 1 worker for transportation of MET within the same floor.3. Reduce crane time for installation, by at least 50% Easy to maneuver and allow great flexibilityin installation height up to 4.5m.

If non-Built Environment wastes can be used for building and construction applications, it could reduce the reliance on conventional materials such as sand and granite as resources, and consequently reduce environmental impacts of construction projects.

Singapore has achieved success in the use of alternative building and construction materials such as recycled concrete aggregates and washed copper slag for various applications. With the growing emphasis on Circular Economy and Sustainability, a holistic approach is required to close the material loop by optimising material usage during and beyond the materials' lifespan, and containing waste generation by converting various wastes into building and construction resources.

The Challenge Statement Owner is looking for a proposed solution which should incorporate locally generate wastes to be used as alternatives in the generation of recycled building and construction materials.The product should conform to LTA's Materials & Workmanship Specifications and/or local environmental standards and/or building codes and regulations for non-structural concrete applications. It would be advantageous if the product can demonstrate satisfactory/improved performance compared to conventional building and construction materials. Existing tools which are available that aid in lifting and shifting of MET components are not be stable and often require at least two workers to operate. This tools still utilise a crane, which leaves less crane time available for other activities, thereby reducing onsite productivity.

Sorting ferrous materials from the aggregate stockpile can be easily picked up or attracted by magnetic screens as they move along the conveyor belt. The challenge is to manually sort out non ferrous materials.Presently, a total of 8 workers are involved in the entire sorting process by visually identifying and manually picking up non-ferrous contaminants from the stockpile. Alternative solution in the market includes eddy current separator that emits a powerful magnetic field to separate

Today more than 90% construction debris is recycled in Singapore. Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is generally produced by a two-stage process that involves crushing of demolished concrete and screening and removal of contaminants. Removal of these impurities is a laborious process.

To produce better quality concrete with less reliance on manual labour, the challenge owner seeks an innovative approach

Among them are critical items such as power cables, telecommunication cables, gas pipes, water pipes, and sewers. Furthermore, serious injury or death to workers can come from striking buried power cables or gas pipelines. Any form of reworking would have to involve various service providers which will increase the cost and time of the project. The accuracy of the existing solutions using electromagnetic (EML) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) is still unable to predict and prevent stoppages. There are varying solutions from various devices and manufacturers, which causes a lack of coherent and integrated system.

In various construction projects, underground service detection is crucial as any damage to these services will lead to project delays and stoppages.

The challenge owner is looking for new detection technology for incident and network management.The solution proposed should also take into account the various open source database or public records of underground utilities from other projects in the construction site. Further enhancements through unique collection of information about new underground infrastructure that will help in providing effective detection are preferred by the challenge owners.

If the required template is different from that for the BIM e-submission developed by BCA, they would have to develop these templates from scratch which can be time consuming, costly and requires a steep learning curve.

The implementation of BIM/IDD is a challenging undertaking for firms that are new to it despite its benefits. Firms need go through steep learning curve to prepare and develop their own templates, objects for typical details like facades, waterproofing and other aspects of construction drawings/models that can be standardised.

It will be great if typical and workable standardised templates, objects can be developed and shared via common repository for use by the industry beyond BIM e-submission purpose. This will save time and cost and reduce man power.

Despite the current use of BIM models, changes on both ends are not always reflected; especially if one of the partners or subcontractors within the project is not using the same model. This leads to complications, whereby both parties are unable to fix a problem in the event where there are unreflect changes within the project.

Architects and engineers involved in the same construction project have two very separate processes. This difference, coupled with human errors within manual processes, leads to a lot of work duplication and inefficiency.

The challenge owner is looking for innovative and smart ways in which changes made in one model could be automatically shared to ensure integrity of models as well as to reduce the manual work, which are prone to human errors and often not done (the self-propagation/integrity parts).

Currently, contractors have no real-time visibility on the utilization rate and the exact location of their assets. Typically, workers manually check on the utilization rate of each asset and track these rates on a report.If the assets are under-utilised, having no real-time visibility of where the assets are located does not allow for prompt resource mobilisation between different worksitesPresently, there are alternative IOT solutions, such as on-board diagnostic tools that gather running time and idling speed but the tools are too costly to be mounted on all of the assets.

Contractors typically have a sizeable number of assets such as machinery located in various worksites that require periodical servicing and maintenance.

The proposed solution should include:-Real-time visibility of the assets� utilisation rate for prompt intervention. -Location tracking of the assets for ease of asset mobilisation. -Any device mounted on the assets should be rugged and requires low maintenance, considering the environment of a construction worksite

Current ways of developing and managing sequence of activities, schedules, budget, procurement, risks and resource allocation are highly complex, time consuming and not scalable.

Construction planning is a fundamental but challenging activity in the execution of any project.

Challenge owner is seeking innovative predictive planning solutions that can potentially draw on insights and learnings from past project data points to help planners and quantity surveyors make faster and more accurate decisions in view of achieving greater productivity, quality and profitability in future projects.

Presently, there is a lack of a structured approach to capture data and lessons learnt, making it challenging to access the information. New project managers often have to rely on seasoned project managers for on-the-job knowledge that is acquired through experience. When a senior project manager leaves the organization, these valuable knowledge and insight are often not retained.

For project managers, lessons learnt and data points from buying a plot of land to the development of a project are captured and discussed during annual reviews. These data and learning points are often captured by key personnel in emails.

To promote knowledge capture and provide easy access to information, the challenge owner is seeking an innovative and smart data repository that will allow project managers to extract relevant data, analyse and generate actionable insights.

Beyond wearing PPEs and having danger awareness, communication and relationship management are critical to convey safety messages effectively. These require quality training and safety professionals to upgrade and enhance their value. As part of the protocol, workers� movement are tracked upon the entry of job site to ensure only certified personnel are working on the jobs. Currently, there is a high dependency on a few key safety supervisors to ensure that sites spanning a large area and involving a large number of manpower, are compliant on safety requirements. Moreover, some of the site locations (such as large infrastructure projects) have difficulty in receiving reception to transmit data, making it

Worksite safety has always been a topmost priority especially during the construction phase. Construction workers onsite have a requirement to attend required courses in order to hold the valid licenses to work on specific jobs. Safety officers have to conduct manual checks on personnel equipment and ensure these workers possess valid licenses that comply with safety policies. Despite these safety regulations, incidents at worksites are not uncommon. Some of the incidents involve fall from great height or struck by moving objects such as cranes or forklifts. Furthermore, workers risk being struck by moving cranes or forklifts because of dangerous blind-spots. Today, workers are required to wear personal protective equipment (also known as PPE) when carrying out tasks on site. However, some of these PPEs requirements such as securing the harness to an immobile object to prevent potential falls are neglected. In such a case, workers find wearing the harness cumbersome as they obstruct their movement during the course of work. Although wearing helmets are mandatory on site, workers are prone to dangerous risks in their blind-spots such as being struck by moving cranes or forklifts. The helmet also only protects the users from minor falling objects but does not protect the user for large and heavy

Challenge owners are seeking solutions that can be deployed in a site environment and support the tracking of manpower and their health and safety onsite, as well as monitoring their certifications and equipment onsite. In terms of working safety, the solution should be able to:-Provide warnings to workers and alerts to management (e.g. if worker enters high risk or danger zone, or is not using safety gear, etc.)-Visually identify objects on site and pick up and interpret potentially dangerous situations.In addition, the owners are looking for an effective training delivery using technology such as virtual simulators capturing actual worksite conditions for realistic training. Some of the considerations include low connectivity within a worksite, cost effectiveness, low maintenance, high durability and accuracy. The solution should be able to learn from historical data and allow the main contractors to be pre-emptive and proactive in resolving problems that may potentially arise.

It is often common for the assembled moulds to fail the quality checks due to inaccuracy of interpretation and human errors. This leads to manpower and time loss in rectifying the non-compliant moulds. Furthermore, RTOs may overlook minor details which results in major rectification especially when the precast concrete components have been installed on site. In addition, with precast now being done overseas there are very few or no Resident Engineer (RE) or RTOs who would like to travel to these sites and be stationed there full-time to carry out structural inspection.

Today, pre-casters prepare the moulds for precast concrete components including concrete PPVC modules using their interpretation of hardcopy drawings. Once the moulds are completed, the Resident Technical Officers (RTOs) would conduct visual inspection on the assembled moulds with reference to the drawings. The common items inspected by the RTOs include dimensions of the moulds, reinforcement bar sizes, spacing and lapping length, cast-in-accessories, concrete cover, services openings and cleanliness etc.

The challenge owners are seeking a holistic solution including digital means that is able to improve the productivity and effectiveness of the inspection process as well as the accuracy and quality of works to reduce any manpower and time loss for rectification. Instead of having localized checking inspection, challenge owners are looking for a continuous QA/QCcheck embedded in the process with the new proposed technology or solution.

It is extremely time consuming process to assemble rebar cages. Moreover, as the interpretation of the rebar drawings are conducted by human, it leaves room for misinterpretation of drawings which means missing rebars and links.If the checks fail (often due to the inaccuracy of rebar drawing interpretation), workers have to amend and rework on the cage all over again. This means more time required to amend the rebar cage.

For Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC), modules need to be reinforced with mesh and reinforcing bars (also known as rebars). The steps involved in fabrication and the assembly free-standing volumetric modules are:1. Interpretation of rebar drawings by skilled personnel2. Assembling the mesh and rebar to form a structured cage3. Install the rebar cage into the mould4. Closing of steel mould and installing of services ducts5. Checking and closing of mouldIt requires effort by a 4-man team that takes 8 � 10 hours a day to preparethe rebar cages.

Challenge owner is seeking innovative solutions to save time and manpower in the fabrication and assembly of rebars. The proposed solution should also boost the accuracy of the rebar cages� structural integrity and greatly reduce unnecessary re-work and save time and manpower in reading/interpretation, fabrication and assembly of rebars.

Currently, there are a few existing methods in the market that require sensors to be embedded into the structure but this causes other issues such as sensor data reliability and cost effectiveness for sensors to be embedded into all structures.

Due to the nature of environment and the usage of buildings, existing solutions are unable to accurately determine the condition or reliability of the materials such as steel, reinforced concrete (RC) for the beams, columns and other essential structures that affect structural integrity of a building. Inspection is usually done by a PE (Professional Engineer) through visual inspection periodically, usually in a range of 5 years. Many challenges arise in determining a building structural integrity, one of them is the lack of physical access or unseen parts of the area or structure. Inspection is often limited to visual inspection of accessible areas.

Challenge owners are looking for a solution to improve and simplify the inspection process and provide reliable measurable data that is low cost and can be implemented on existing buildings. These data can be in the form of and not limited to yield strength, corrosion of reinforcement, strain, crack width and etc.Early indications can help determine if building should be decommissioned or strengthened or rectified to ensure overall safety

-Inspection activities are labour intensive and time-consuming. -Other inspection challenges arise from MEPs located in confined or unreachable spaces. Due to these challenges, there is no common measurable parameter to indicate if the particular installation was done incorrectly or beyond the required specifications. -Efficiency and accuracy of inspection activities by qualified personnels, project teams as well as authorities is important.

Before a building can be occupied, it is important to carry out regulatory site audit checks to ensure that the building is in accordance with the approved plans (e.g. BIM models) and compliant with the Building Control Act and Regulations. MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) systems need to be installed according to the specifications or drawings. It is also critical for code compliance, such as fire safety. During the regulatory inspection, the activities that an Inspecting Officer carries out include travelling to and fro from the site, site walk with the project team, manual measurement-taking using various equipment, photo- taking and documentation work.

The challenge owner is looking to achieve greater efficiency and accuracy of regulatory site inspection through proven technologies:-Digitize and transform inspection processes by tapping on 3D scanning, robotics and BIM technology to capture site data for assessment and detect non-compliances. -Empower the industry to conduct their own as-built regulatory check on parts of the building project once completed. -Solution must be able to take accurate site measurements for evaluation.

Besides being manpower-intensive, there are fragmented data, systems and multi-vendors to manage within a building. These issues coupled with a lack of relevant and live system data, makes it challenging to predict building and system failures. Currently, there exists a variety of energy efficient solutions in the market such as using inputs that positively correlates with fault for e.g. harmonics (i.e. measurement of vibration from equipment), electrical current etc. However, many are too cost prohibitive for adoption by commercial/non- industrial real estate.

Energy accounts for a significant part of operating cost for commercial buildings. Currently there is no holistic data on the overall health status of buildings. Energy efficiency of equipment (i.e. chillers) deteriorates with age, and a lot of energy will be wasted by the time routine maintenance detects and fixes the problem.

The challenge owners are seeking innovative solutions that will help:-Gather holistic and relevant building data to enable accurate predictive monitoring e.g. predict system failure and prescriptive monitoring e.g. algorithms embedded to advise the next course of action/recovery to reduce building disruption and man effort. -Measure a variety of outputs by building equipment (e.g. chillers, HVACs and etc) that have greater risk of failure so as to prescribe timely maintenance/fixes. The solution needs to be able to measure outputs with an analytics tool, prescribing maintenance/fixes with low false positive rates to maintain equipment and cost efficiency. -Generate appropriate responses and action plans, suggest various ways to conduct better training and refresher programmes, as well as test and certify readiness of maintenance staff.

Current practice of fa�ade cleaning involves a skilled professional with existing equipment of gondolas and ropes. Despite safety training and preventive measures, it is still a high risk activity which translates to higher labour cost. To ensure effective inspection, the building professionals (e.g. Professional Engineers, Registered Architects, Resident Engineers, Resident Technical Officers, Professional Cleaners etc.) are also required to work at heights to carry out close range inspection. Such method of cleaning and inspection is often laborious and prone to fatigue and human errors. There may also be areas that are difficult for humans to access.

Maintenance of the building fa�ade is a labour intensive and dangerous activity. Due to aging building stock and the increasing complexity of fa�ade design, it is necessary that building fa�ades are regularly cleaned, inspected and maintained to ensure safety.

Proposed solutions should either enhance or provide an innovative alternative to the existing methods. Reducing risk and effectiveness of existing methods is imperative. The proposed solution may consider the following:-Intelligent inspection software system to recognize building defects through data analytics based on data collected during the inspection. -Introduction of robotics is an alternative, but proposed solution should consider sustainability and reliability for various facades (concrete, glass and metal) and environments. Solution should be capable of manoeuvring around building envelopes, including those with irregular profile, easily and safely to clean the facade. -Design consideration is another aspect that should be looked into, for instance, solutions should be able to assist architects and designers to take into account maintenance of the building fa�ade. This translates into savings by improving a building's life cycle cost and reduce cost required for facade cleaning and maintenance.

Departments are sometimes unsure of the subsequent processes to follow up or if they are indeed responsible for the tasks, causing further delays or tasks being left unattended to.The process of verifying and following up with the vendor on manpower shortages with the absence of site staff responsible for them is also time consuming. When paper-based service reports need to be brought back from site for compilation before following up with finance for payments, service to payment cycle is again delayed while documents risk getting misplaced at site or on the move.

Today, the management of tenant feedback are manually recorded. Information flow may be delayed and conveyed to the wrong technician/vendor for corrective actions. Tasks involving multiple processes and departments have to be done manually.

To achieve greater customer satisfaction, the challenge owner is seeking innovative solutions to help their facilities management team to efficiently manage service requests from initiation, to coordination of remedial actions/tasks between technicians/vendors, departments and processes, as well as track progress to ensure timely resolution.